2014年高中历史课时精练:现代中国的科技、教育与文学艺术

适用年级:高三
试卷号:436499

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/7/20

1.材料分析题(共2题)

1.
阅读材料,回答问题:
材料一 《汉代官学系统》示意图
——王晓华《中外教育史》
尽管当时读书人可以通过荐举、征召或选举的方法进入仕途,但参加太学的考试却是进入仕途的唯一稳妥途径,因此,终生乐此不疲者比比皆是。
——孙培青《中国教育史》
材料二 1866年,恭亲王奕为京师同文馆拟定了六条章程:一、专取正途人员;二、各员一律留馆住宿;三、按月出题考试一次;四、每届三年举行大考,高等者酌最差遣试用,下等者照常学习,下届再考;五、每月加给薪水银十两;六、三年试居高等者,照准各按升级格外优班保次。
——陈东原《中国教育史》
材料三 1985年,我国通过了《中共中央关于教育体制改革的决定》,《决定》要求:有系统地进行教育体制改革,扩大学校办学自主权;把发展基础教育的责任交给地方,有步骤地实行九年制义务教育;调整中等教育结构,大力发展职业技术教育;改革高等教育的招生计划和毕业生分配制度;相应地改革劳动人事制度;改革同社会主义现代化不相适应的教育思想、教育内容与教育方法。
——何沁主编《中华人民共和国史》
(1)依据材料一并结合所学知识,概括汉代教育的特点。
(2)依据材料二并结合所学知识,概括京师同文馆的办学特点,从六条章程中任选一条,分析拟定该条章程的原因。
(3)综合分析三则材料,比较我国不同时期教育改革的相似之处。
2.
阅读下列材料,回答问题:
材料一 17世纪以来主要科学成果情况表
科学成果项目
基础研究年份(A)
应用研究年份(B)
生产推广年份(C)
B—A年差
C—B年差
C—A年差
蒸汽机
1687
1711
1785
24
74
98
电话
1820
1876
1881
56
5
61
发电机
1831
1888
1889
57
1
58
计算机
1936
1946
1946
10
0
10
晶体管
1947
1951
1953
4
2
6
激光
1958
1960
1961
2
1
3
 
材料二 中国航天事业发展历程
1956年,中国组建0038部队,由钱学森担任院长,开始谋划发展独立的航天事业。
1960年,中国自制的第一枚导弹1059发射成功。
1965年,中国开始正式立项研制航天运载火箭。
1970年,“东方红1”号发射成功,中国成为世界上第五个发射卫星的国家。
1973年,中国第一次卫星(长空1号卫星)发射失败。
1990年,中国自行研制的“长征三号”运载火箭把美国制造的“亚洲1号”通信卫星送入预定的轨道,中国进入国际商业卫星发射服务市场。
1996年,中国第一次发射外国卫星(“国际星7A”)失败。
2003年,“神舟五号”飞船升空,中国成为世界上第三个掌握载人航天技术的国家。
2007年,“嫦娥一号”月球探测卫星成功发射,中国成为世界上第四个掌握绕月探测技术的国家。
2011年,“天宫一号”成功发射,是我国航天事业发展的里程碑,“天宫一号”将推动中国成为继美俄之后世界上第三个建立空间站的国家。
材料三 2011年8月23~25日。2011(第十届)中国互联网大会在北京国际会议中心隆重举行。工业和信息化部副部长刘利华在会上说:互联网产业对实体经济的拉动作用明显。随着互联网服务市场规模扩大,电子出版、网络视频、微博等新业务、新应用发展迅速。……2010年,我国网络购物市场交易规模超过5 000亿元,占全年社会消费品零售总额的比例从2008年的1.1%提升至2010年的3.3%。……作为交易平台,互联网已成为分销的重要渠道,越来越多传统企业进入电子商务领域。而作为工作平台,互联网对企业的服务支撑逐步渗透到生产经营全过程,推动了传统企业信息化水平不断提升。……移动用户规模呈爆发性增长;基于3G网络的行业信息化业务也不断涌现,并带动相关产业创新发展。……随着云计算、互联网等技术在医疗、交通等领域的应用,公共服务的手段和平台将进一步丰富和延伸,促进社会服务管理模式的创新发展。
——中华人民共和国政府网站
2011年8月18日,人民网评《英国骚乱折射互联网的“双刃剑”效应》:“接受网络自由之利,就要接收其弊。”脸谱网总裁扎克伯格这种看似武断的宣称,却在近期西方社会的一系列动荡事件中成为现实。挪威惨案发生后,一些团体频繁通过微博、网络聊天室、视频网站等宣传极右翼思想;在英国骚乱中,暴徒和一些年轻人通过社交网站和黑莓手机大肆串联,网络“闪客”风卷残云,短时间内就把“锁定”的商家洗劫完毕。
(1)从材料一中,你能获取哪些主要信息?
(2)依据材料二,概括指出1956~2011年中国航天科技发展的特点。
(3)依据材料三,指出互联网对人类社会产生的影响。我们该如何应对?

2.选择题(共4题)

3.阅读理解

    It was an oral English class and in front of us was standing our teacher Lila Betray, who was a university student from the US. Somehow we came to the point whether any of us could sing an English pop song in front of the class. You know, maybe three or more out of ten Chinese students are shy in class. As a result, there was silence in class for quite a while, which made everybody feel rather embarrassed(尴尬的), including the teacher.

    I was a shy boy. However, just at that moment, a great idea struck me suddenly."Seize the enjoyment! Seize the opportunity. Yes, there couldn't be a better opportunity." I said to myself. "Why not seize it? Why should I have always to be the guy regretting missing the opportunity just because of shyness? Yes, maybe I should have a try!"

    So, I raised my hand. And I remember that it took me quite a while to think what the song's name was. Though I sang no more than five sentences because of forgetting the lyrics(歌词), their clapping hands told me that I did the job well. Later, I got a gift and I was really happy.

    I think that is one of the most unforgettable moments in my life. Through this experience, I've also got to know that we should believe that we can do the job well, no matter how difficult it seems for us. Just have a little more courage.

4.完形填空

    Last week I was in the boarding(登机)area of the airport excited about my Christmas trip home to see my parents. I was busy planning for the weekend,1 I was taken out of my daydreaming by an elderly woman talking 2 into her cellphone. She kept asking the person to 3 her where she was. She 4 the gate number again and again. She got a little louder each time she did that. Many people snickered(窃笑)because she was nearly 5 and thought how silly old people could be.

    Then I heard her say, “I'm 6, but I can't hear you. There seems to be something wrong with my hearing aid.” “That's too 7” I thought as I moved forward to board the flight. Then I noticed her 8 was becoming increasingly frantic(发狂似的)as she tried to understand the person on the other end of the phone. It was almost my 9 to board. I couldn't 10 looking back at the woman. It made me think how 11 I was to have my hearing. And I realized I could offer her some 12.

    I suddenly got out of the 13 and went to the woman. I showed her to 14 me the phone and shouted, “Let me help you. I'll tell you what the person is 15.” She looked at me and agreed 16. I took the phone from her,17 who I was, listened for a moment, and told the woman her husband was 18 her outside the airport as he could not enter the gate area. Finally, I pointed her in the 19 direction.

    It took me less than two minutes to finish the task, but my 20 in having been able to help her remains strong.

5.任务型阅读

    No fight can end, and no friendship can move on, until everyone says these little words: I'm sorry. Sometimes, though, they can be difficult to say.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

     It's not about winning.

    Friendship aren't like the Super Bowl, and there should never be a winner and a loser. When you start fighting with a friend, it may feel important that you “win” the fight by proving(证明)you're right and he is wrong, or by making him be the first to apologize(道歉).

{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    You may have heard the expression “His pride(骄傲)stood in the way.” It is usually used to describe a person who is so determined(意志坚定)to be “right” that he lets an opportunity(机会)for happiness pass him by forever.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} Remember: as time goes on, we usually forget who was right and who was wrong in a disagreement, and only remember the sadness of losing a friend. Take the first step.

    Are you sick of fighting? Do you think this fight is just not important enough to ruin(毁灭)your friendship?{#blank#}4{#/blank#} You don't have to take full responsibility(责任)for starting the fight, or even say that your feelings were wrong. But you should find something you did or said that's worth apologizing for. Maybe you're sorry that you let the fight go for so long, of that you overreacted(反应过度)to something your friend did. If you say you are sorry, it's like an invitation for your friend to do the same.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A.Stop thinking about your pride.

B.Then try to be the first to apologize.

C.It's about taking some responsibility for the argument.

D.Once you've both said it, you'll both feel a million times better.

E.There are some special cases when you shouldn't be the one to apologize first.

F.Here are some things to keep in mind.

G.Don't let this happen to a friendship you care about.

6.词汇运用(根据首写字母或者汉语意思,用词的正确形式完成句子)

3.单选题(共7题)

7.
阅读以下对联:“上联:学习文化重科技,尊重知识强教育。下联:科技繁荣百业荣,教育兴旺万家旺。”请选择一个合适的横批
A.科学发展B.科教兴国
C.和谐发展D.改革开放
8.
1956年***两次观看昆曲名剧《十五贯》,之后《人民日报》首次为一场戏剧演出刊发社论,称赞其“一出戏救活一个剧种”。当时昆曲复兴的主要原因是 ( )
A.“双百”方针的贯彻B.昆曲名剧的涌现
C.大众舆论吹捧宣传D.“教育大革命”的推动
9.
“文化大革命”开始后,中国出现了样板戏“一统天下”的局面,其主要原因是:
A.传统戏曲失去群众基础
B.样板戏适应百姓需求
C.“左”倾错误持续发展
D.落实“双百”方针的要求
10.
下图是2012年3月在全国上映的电影《钱学森》的海报。影片再现了钱学森冲破重重困难最终回国报效祖国,成为“两弹一星”之父的传奇经历。下列有关钱学森曾做出过重大贡献的科技成就表述正确的是()
A.20世纪50年代初我国仿制的近程导弹试验成功
B.1964年我国自行设计的中近程导弹试验成功
C.文革时期我国第一颗原子弹爆炸成功
D.新时期我国第一颗人造地球卫星发射成功
11.
新中国成立初期电影《平原游击队》中塑造的日本侵略者十分狡诈、冥顽不化,1970年翻拍的这部电影中的日本侵略者形象则是猥琐、惊惧,抵抗也仅是象征性的。对此理解正确的是 (  )
A.电影不仅是一门艺术,更是历史的再现
B.电影作品的思想性、艺术性和时代政治生活密切相关
C.日本侵略者形象的变化源于中国外交政策的调整
D.中国电影工作者认清了日本军国主义的本质
12.
通过观察下图可知,1978~2008年小学、初中入学率跃升的关键因素是(  )
A.“教育大革命”的进行B.《义务教育法》的实施
C.《扫盲教育法》的实施D.“科教兴国”战略的实施
13.
“1977年毛(泽东)后的领导转变了方针。为了现代化,国家重视专甚于红,重新建立为国选拔人才的传统制度。”(费正清《美国与中国》)这是指 (  )
A.实施《义务教育法》
B.恢复高校考试招生制度
C.推进九年义务制教育
D.提出“科教兴国”战略
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    材料分析题:(2道)

    选择题:(4道)

    单选题:(7道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:2

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:7