1.材料分析题- (共2题)
材料自明朝后期至太平天国运动的两个多世纪里,江南棉纺织业的生产扩大了一倍多。到了19世纪初,江南从事棉纺织业的农户已占总数的65%以上,每年所需要的棉花达300万担。另外,江南丝织业的生产规模只不过略逊于棉纺织业,而其他轻工业,如碾米业、酿酒业、榨油业、服装业及印刷业等,亦具相当规模。到了19世纪初,江南轻工业的重要性已和农业相当。
除了一些小规模的采煤业外,江南基本上没有煤铁业。工具制造业还是继续生产传统的简单手工工具。造船业有些发展,但江南所造的海船主要是沿海航运的沙船,最大的不过375吨。其数目从明嘉靖时的约1000艘增至清道光时的3000艘,总吨位从明末的5万吨增至清朝中叶的38万吨。
英国方面,毛纺织业是工业革命以前的最大产业部门,但从事毛纺织业的农户不及总数的一半。工业革命在18世纪中期爆发后,依赖进口棉花的棉纺织业迅速发展,其净产值在19世纪初已超过毛纺织业,成为英国最重要的产业部门。英国棉纺织业使用的棉花,自1760年的3万担增至1817年的90万担,但仍然不及江南的1/3。此外,英国还有一些规模较小的丝织业、麻纺织业、啤酒酿造业、肥皂和蜡烛制造业、皮革和玻璃工业等轻工业。但总体来说,英国轻工业的规模不及江南。
18世纪中期工业革命开始时,英国的煤田总产量已达到4700万吨,在两个世纪内增加了23倍。此时英国采煤业的净产值在所有工业部门中已仅次于毛纺织业。另外,铁的年产量亦从1611年的1.2万吨增至1760年的3万吨,其他铅、锡和铜等有色金属的采冶业也不断发展。英国的工具制造业自15世纪开始迅速发展,铁匠数目大幅增加,新的机器不断涌现,到18世纪又发明了蒸汽机及多种新式纺纱机,标志着机器制造业的逐步建立。建筑材料工业亦呈现重大变化,砖瓦逐渐取代了木材,成为主要建材。英国的造船业在16世纪时还不如江南,但其后便迅速发展。到了1760年,英国商船总数已超过7000艘,总吨位在1792年达到154万吨,在一个世纪内增加了近5倍,远远高于同期江南沙船的总吨位。1740年,英国东印度公司驶往中国的船队的标准船吨位已接近500吨,超过江南最大的沙船的吨位。
——摘编自梁柏力《被误解的中国:看明清时代和今天》
(1)根据材料,概括明清时期的江南和英国工业发展的异同,并结合所学知识分析造成两者不同的经济因素。(14分)
(2)史学界有一著名的韦伯之问——“工业革命为何没有首先发生在孕育了资本主义萌芽的中国?”,请结合材料和所学知识回答这一疑问。(8分)
材料清政府于1897年责成洋务派官僚盛宣怀“选择殷商,设立总董,招集股本,合力兴办,以收利权” 而创办中国通商银行,资本定额500万两,先收一半,最大的股东是招商局和电报局,其余多为官僚及买办。总董等9人,由盛宣怀指派。该行在香港、广州、天津、镇江、北京、汉口、九江、汕头等地设立了分行,用人办事以汇丰银行为准,在总行和重要口岸的分行都用洋人为大班,规章制度也仿照汇丰银行。
该行在创办之初就获得了钞票发行权,发行银两和银圆两种钞票,为中国最早的银行券。发钞、存款成为该行主要的资金来源。
从1905到1911年,该行从发钞得到利润80万两以上。
1916年盛宣怀死后,行务由董事傅筱庵控制,他积极投靠北洋政府,大量购买公债,并用资金支援孙传芳的军队。
1934年存款增到3100万元,比1929 年增加了4倍多。发钞额达2900万元。放款也显著增加,达到3000万元,比1929年增加了2倍多。
1935年因币制改革,该行结束发行业务。
1937年,国民党政府迫使该行接受增拨官股3475万元,原有商股折合成525万元,合成4000万元。该行改组后,实权仍掌握在杜月笙手中,他大量购买公债,从事投机。
抗战胜利后,该行上海总行恢复整顿,因受中央银行委托代兑伪中储券,存款一度回升,1945年底达198,000 万元,比上年增长4倍。
至解放前夕,除一些房产外,只剩下一个空架子。
上海解放后,人民政府接收了该行的官股部分作为公股,将该行改造为公私合营银行。1952年12月,同上海其他59家私营银行、钱庄、信托公司一起组成统一的公私合营银行。
——摘编自《中国第一家银行》
(1)根据材料,概括中国通商银行创办之初的特点。(8分)
(2)根据材料,谈谈影响中国通商银行发展的主要因素。(4分)
2.单选题- (共10题)
A.佃农人身依附关系减弱 | B.小农经济开始逐步解体 |
C.市民阶层争取自身权利 | D.城乡商品经济发展迅速 |
A.实行重农抑商政策有其必要性 |
B.商人实力强大威胁中央集权制 |
C.工商业资本流动冲击等级秩序 |
D.商人的土地兼并加剧农民流亡 |
A.边塞城市 | B.工商城市 | C.消费城市 | D.军事城市 |
A.西欧成为世界中心 | B.世界市场最终形成 |
C.开辟欧亚海上航路 | D.世界初步连为整体 |
A.英国的伦敦 |
B.法国的巴黎 |
C.荷兰的阿姆斯特丹 |
D.意大利的威尼斯 |
A.工业革命促进了民主政治的发展 | B.政府管理阻碍了工业革命的进程 |
C.工业革命推动自由主义经济原则的形成 | D.工业革命是人类社会走出中世纪的标志 |
A.诗歌的前后变化反映了资本主义基本矛盾的加剧 |
B.生产方式的改进促进了人们社会生活的变化 |
C.资本主义经济的快速发展实现了社会平等 |
D.工人运动的发展提升了无产阶级的社会地位 |
A.新航路的开辟 | B.工业革命 |
C.第二次工业革命 | D.资本主义殖民体系的形成 |
A.洋务派的军事工业 |
B.洋务派的民用工业 |
C.民族资本主义工业 |
D.官僚资本主义工业 |
A.非公有制经济成为市场经济的主体 | B.社会主义市场经济体制已经建立 |
C.非公有制经济对经济发展影响增强 | D.现代企业制度适应市场经济要求 |
3.选择题- (共4题)
explains common used change besides usually |
ZhangMing, a college graduate from Shandong, created a 9-page"Wechatguide". With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide e{#blank#}1{#/blank#} how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. "My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use technology, "he said.
Zhang's experience is c{#blank#}2{#/blank#} nowadays.Worldwide,40percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, from their children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2017.
Parents u {#blank#}3{#/blank#} to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers.
The c{#blank#}4{#/blank#} of the roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and other forms of media give children ways to get information b{#blank#}5{#/blank#} from asking older generations. Therefore, in the age of information, it's possible that children know more than their parents do.
According to the China Internet Network Information Center, 56.7 percent of Internet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generation u{#blank#}6{#/blank#} acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou.
In Zhang Ming's eyes, teaching his parents about Wechat brings him c{#blank#}7{#/blank#} to his parents."People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out? "said Zhang.
explains common used change besides usually |
ZhangMing, a college graduate from Shandong, created a 9-page"Wechatguide". With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide e{#blank#}1{#/blank#} how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. "My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use technology, "he said.
Zhang's experience is c{#blank#}2{#/blank#} nowadays.Worldwide,40percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, from their children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2017.
Parents u {#blank#}3{#/blank#} to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers.
The c{#blank#}4{#/blank#} of the roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and other forms of media give children ways to get information b{#blank#}5{#/blank#} from asking older generations. Therefore, in the age of information, it's possible that children know more than their parents do.
According to the China Internet Network Information Center, 56.7 percent of Internet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generation u{#blank#}6{#/blank#} acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou.
In Zhang Ming's eyes, teaching his parents about Wechat brings him c{#blank#}7{#/blank#} to his parents."People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out? "said Zhang.
In recent years, a number of Chinese technological innovation(科技创新) have been making waves around the world. Among them, four stand out. They are known as "four new great inventions" of modern China. They have made our daily lives more convenient
High-speed trains
China created its first high-speed railway line in 2008. Since then, the number of passenger trips has grown by over 30 percent every year. By 2016, more than 5 billion trips had been taken China's bullet trains(高铁), according to Xinhua News Agency.
China is currently working on the next-generation bullet trains that will have a top speed of 400kilometers per hour. By 2020, one-fifth of the country's 150,000-km railway network will be used by high-speed trains. This network will link more than 80percent of major cities across China, said Xinhua.
Mobile payment
Mobile payment is turning China into a "cashless society" led by third-party payment companies like Alipay. For example, instead of paying y cash, customers now pay for goods simply by typing a short password into Alipay app on their mobile devices.
Users can also pay their bills through Alipay, such as their water and electricity bills. Alipay also supports cross-border(跨境的)online and in-store payment, which allows users to buy things on international websites and apps.
Shared bikes
Shared bike services started in Western countries. But China has surprised the world with how quickly it has adopted dockless(无桩的)shared bikes.
Unlike traditional bike-sharing method, dockless bikes allow users to simply pick up or park a bike on the street through GPS and smartphone To unlock a bike, you just need to scan a QR code on a shared bike with a smartphone app After you finish riding, you can park it at available parking areas, lock it and pay for ride through mobile payment services.
Online shopping
With around 751 million internet users, China has long been the world's largest and fastest-growing online shopping market.
Online shopping now accounts for 15.5 percent of total retail sales in China, according to Xinhua. Thanks to lower costs and fewer licensing requirements(执照要求),it's easier for sellers to open an online shop in China than a brick-and-mortar shop(实体店)。
It also helped to create jobs of rural areas. In 2016, online shopping created more than 20 million jobs in rural areas, with over 8.1 million running their own online shops, said Xinhua.
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【1】题量占比
材料分析题:(2道)
单选题:(10道)
选择题:(4道)
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【2】:难度分析
1星难题:0
2星难题:0
3星难题:0
4星难题:0
5星难题:0
6星难题:4
7星难题:0
8星难题:8
9星难题:0