辽宁省大石桥市水源镇九年一贯制学校2017-2018学年八年级下学期第一次月考生物试题

适用年级:初二
试卷号:351522

试卷类型:月考
试卷考试时间:2018/5/10

1.综合题(共5题)

1.
图为鸟卵结构示意图,请根据图完成下列问题。

(1)鸟卵的结构中,将来能发育成雏鸟的部位是[ ]______,该结构与[ ]____和能
为胚胎发育提供营养物质的[ ]____共同构成完整的卵细胞。 
(2)人工孵化小鸡时,为保证能孵化出体格健壮的雏鸡,所选用的卵应该是____________,
(3)在鸟卵外壳上均匀地涂抹上凡士林,你认为能不能孵化出小鸟?____,其原因是______________________________。 
2.
下图是豌豆花色的遗传图解,请据图分析回答问题:

(l)豌豆的亲代都是紫花,而后代中出现了白花,这种现象在生物学上称为__________;豌豆的紫花和白花在遗传学上称为_____________。
(2)根据豌豆紫花和白花在亲代与后代的表现规律可以判断出_________是隐性性状。
(3)豌豆体细胞中的染色体是_________存在的,形成生殖细胞时,染包体的数目要______________。
3.
图是某一种生物细胞的示意图,根据图回答下列问题

(1)写出各部分的名称A___________B___________C___________D___________E____________
(2)图中D是___________存在的,所以,图中所示的细胞是___________细胞,而不是____________细胞。
(3)图中E表示的是D上的_____________,实际上一对D上有___________对E,每对E都控制着某一个生物的___________,所有D上的全部的E控制着整个生物的____________。
(4)生物主要的遗传物质是  ______,而遗传物质的主要载体是__________,控制人类各种性状如有无耳垂等的是____________。
4.
科学家们将男人、女人体细胞内的染色体进行整理,形成了下列的排序图。请分析回答:

(1) 根据染色体组成可以判断,乙为____________性的染色体组成。
(2) 若甲、乙是一对夫妇,第一胎生的是女孩,假如他们再生第二胎,生男孩的可能性约为___________%。
5.
根据如图的遗传图解回答问题。

(1)父亲的基因是_______,母亲的基因是_______。
(2)父亲能产生_____种精子,其基因型是______,母亲能产生_____种卵细胞,其基因型是______。
(3)这对夫妇所生小孩患白化病的可能性是_______%。

2.单选题(共12题)

6.
如果某一性状总是由父亲传给儿子,由儿子传给孙子,那么控制这一性状的基因最可能在( )
A.常染色体上B.性染色体上C.X染色体上D.Y染色体上
7.
科学家成功地把人的抗病毒干扰素基因植入烟草细胞中的DNA分子上,使烟草获得了抗病毒的能力。这个事实说明,DNA上控制生物性状的基本单位是()
A. 基因     B. 糖类 C. 脂肪 D. 蛋白质
8.
亲代的许多性状之所以在子代身上体现,原因是(  )
A.精子和卵细胞中携带着亲代的性状
B.精子和卵细胞中携带着控制性状的基因
C.总在一起生活,长相就会相像
D.父母所有的性状都遗传给了子代
9.
“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”这句俗语说明生物界中普遍存在的现象是()
A.适应B.遗传C.生殖D.变异
10.
以下不属于生物性状的是(  )
A.人的血型B.花的颜色
C.人的“黑眼珠”D.某学生生物学科成绩好
11.
下图表示基因、DNA、染色体、细胞核的关系,图中1、2、3、4依次表示()
A. 基因、DNA、染色体、细胞核 B. DNA、基因、细胞核、染色体
C. 细胞核、染色体、DNA、基因 D. 染色体、细胞核、基因、DNA
12.
能遗传的变异是由下列哪项引起的(  )
A.个体生长很快B.遗传物质发生了变化
C.个体发育很好D.生存环境发生了变化
13.
下列关于变异的说法中,错误的是(   )
A.生物的变异都是可以遗传的B.引起变异的原因多种多样
C.变异在自然界普遍存在D.没有变异就没有新品种的出现
14.
下列关于长颈鹿长颈性状形成原因是描述,符合达尔文自然选择学说的是()
A.为吃到高处树叶不断伸长颈形成的B.上帝创造的
C.自然选择的结果D.是变异的结果,与遗传无关
15.
下列关于研究生物进化方法的叙述,不正确的是()
A.化石是研究生物进化的唯一可靠的证据
B.对不同生物的解剖结构进行分析比较,也是研究生物进化常用的方法
C.分子生物学为研究生物进化提供了重要的依据
D.与解剖学、分子生物学、胚胎学等方面的证据相比,化石是研究生物进化最直接的证据
16.
下列不属于原始大气成分的是()
A. 甲烷     B. 水蒸气 C. 硫化氢 D. 氧气
17.
在植物进化过程中,从原始藻类植物进化到原始种子植物,体现出生物进化的趋势是
①由简单到复杂②由低等到高等③由自养到异养④由水生到陆生
A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④

3.选择题(共5题)

18.用诗文原句填空。     
19.阅读印度地图,回答下列问题。

20.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

21.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

22.

    A young man went to the local expert(专家) on gems and said he wanted to become a gemologist(珠宝家). The expert turned him down because he feared the youth would not have the patience to learn. The young man asked for a chance. Finally, the expert told the youth, "Be here tomorrow."
    The next morning the expert put a jade(玉) stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. The expert then went about his work, cutting, weighing and setting gems. The boy sat quietly and waited.
    The following morning the expert again put the jade stone in the youth's hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth and fifth days, the expert asked the young man to do the same thing. On the sixth day, the youth held the jade stone but he could no longer stand(忍受) the silence. "Master, when am I going to learn something?" he asked. "You will learn." the expert said and went about his business.
    Several more days went by and the youth almost lost his patience. But one morning as the master put the stone in the youth's hand, the young man said without looking at his hand, "This is not the same jade stone!" "You have begun to learn." said the master.
    Practice makes perfect. The experience we learned from practice teaches us and develops our abilities. Experience is the best teacher. Even the most successful person had no absolute confidence once. It is experience that gives people confidence. The truth is: if you do the work and gain the experience, you'll have more confidence because you'll actually know what you're doing.

试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(5道)

    单选题:(12道)

    选择题:(5道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:3

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:6

    9星难题:3