2018年高考生物热点命题点预测卷

1.

某观赏植物的花有红、蓝、白三种颜色，花色由液泡膜上膜蛋白A（由α和β两条肽链组成）和膜蛋白B（由两条T肽链组成）表达。其中基因A和B分别控制膜蛋白A和膜蛋白B的合成，且两对基因位于两对同源染色体上。下图表示两类膜蛋白分子在液泡膜上的分布，请回答以下问题：

⑴该膜蛋白合成的场所是；A 蛋白由131个氨基酸组成，则A蛋白形成过程中共产生分子的水。
⑵其中基因A和B共同控制花色遗传，这两对基因是否遵循基因的自由组合定律？，原因是。
⑶假设花色与两对蛋白质的关系如下：

蛋白质	A、B同时存在	只有A或者B	没有A、B任何一个
花色	红花	蓝花	白花

若将两种基因型不同的开蓝花的纯合植株进行杂交，F₁的基因型是 ,表现型为。再让F₁个体自交，F₂表现型及比例为。
⑷已知一开蓝花的植株，花色由A控制，现要确定其是纯合子还是杂合子，则应选择开白花的植株与之杂交。
请预测实验结果与结论① ；
② 。

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2.

如图是某家系甲、乙、丙三种单基因遗传病的系谱图，其基因分别用A、a，B、b和D、d表示。甲病是伴性遗传病，Ⅱ7不携带乙病的致病基因。在不考虑家系内发生新的基因突变的情况下，请回答下列问题：

（1）甲病的遗传方式是________，乙病的遗传方式是________，丙病的遗传方式是________，Ⅱ6的基因型是________。
（2）Ⅲ13患两种遗传病的原因是___________________________________________。
（3）假如Ⅲ15为乙病致病基因的杂合子、为丙病致病基因携带者的概率是1/100，Ⅲ15和Ⅲ16结婚，所生的子女只患一种病的概率是________，患丙病的女孩的概率是________。
（4）有些遗传病是由于基因的启动子缺失引起的。启动子缺失常导致________缺乏正确的结合位点，转录不能正常起始，而使患者发病。

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3.

图甲中曲线a、b表示物质跨(穿)膜运输的两种方式，图乙表示细胞对大分子物质“胞吞”和“胞吐”的过程。下列相关叙述中，错误的是()

A．甲图中a表示自由扩散，b表示协助扩散或主动运输

B．甲图中b曲线达到最大转运速率后的限制因素是载体蛋白的数量

C．乙图中的胞吞和胞吐过程说明细胞膜的结构具有选择透过性

D．乙图中的胞吞和胞吐过程都需要消耗ATP

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4.阅读理解

Have you ever found yourself in this situation：You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child-a bit of nostalgia（怀旧）or "blast from the past，"as we say．But it is not a distant childhood memory．The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago．

Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language．They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages．

Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20．Then they gave the groups three different types of "listen-and-repeat" learning conditions．Researchers had one group simply speak the words．They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm，or beat．And they asked the third group to sing the words．

All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15minutes．Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered．

Why Hungarian，you ask ? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language．It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages，such as Italian or Spanish．After the tests were over，the singers came out on top．The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance．They did the best in four out of five of the tests．They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them．

Dr．Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language．The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3，or memorable 4，tune 5．

Dr．Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages．On the University of Edinburgh's website Dr．Ludke writes，"This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning，and opens the door for future research in this area．"

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5.阅读理解

Have you ever found yourself in this situation：You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child-a bit of nostalgia（怀旧）or "blast from the past，"as we say．But it is not a distant childhood memory．The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago．

Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language．They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages．

Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20．Then they gave the groups three different types of "listen-and-repeat" learning conditions．Researchers had one group simply speak the words．They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm，or beat．And they asked the third group to sing the words．

All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15minutes．Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered．

Why Hungarian，you ask ? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language．It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages，such as Italian or Spanish．After the tests were over，the singers came out on top．The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance．They did the best in four out of five of the tests．They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them．

Dr．Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language．The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3，or memorable 4，tune 5．

Dr．Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages．On the University of Edinburgh's website Dr．Ludke writes，"This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning，and opens the door for future research in this area．"

查看解析收藏

2018年高考生物热点命题点预测卷

1.非选择题(共2题)

2.单选题(共1题)

3.选择题(共2题)

【1】题量占比

【2】：难度分析