2014届山东省德州市高三4月模拟考试(二模)理综化学试卷

适用年级:高三
试卷号:296973

试卷类型:高考模拟
试卷考试时间:2017/7/26

1.推断题(共1题)

1.
弹性涤纶是一种新型聚酯纤维,具有优异性能,能作为工程塑料、纺织纤维和地毯等材料而得到广泛应用。其合成路线可设计为:

其中A、B、C均为链状化合物,A能发生银镜反应,C中不含甲基,1mol C可与足量钠反应生成22.4 L H2(标准状况)。请回答下列问题:
(1)A的结构简式为 ,B中所含官能团的名称为  
(2)由物质C与D反应生成弹性涤纶的化学方程式为
(3)由物质B到C的化学反应类型为  
(4)写出C与足量钠反应的化学方程式

2.工业流程(共1题)

2.
V2O5是接触法制硫酸的重要催化剂,工业上生产V2O5的工艺流程如下:请回答下列问题:

(1)步骤①所得废渣的成分是     (写化学式),它与NaOH溶液反应的离子反应方程式为
(2)步骤②、③的变化过程可简化为(下式R表示VO2+,HA表示有机萃取剂):
R2(SO4)n(水层)+2nHA(有机层)2RAn(有机层)+nH2SO4(水层),
①实验室中步骤②、③使用的主要仪器是     
②中萃取时必须加入适量碱,其原因是    
(3)步骤③中X试剂为   ,步骤④的目的是    ,步骤⑤的离子方程式为
(4)该工艺流程中,可以循环利用的物质有

3.单选题(共6题)

3.
利用下图装置进行实验,甲乙两池均为l mol·L-1的AgNO3溶液,A、B均为Ag电极。实验开始先闭合K1,断开K2。一段时间后,断开K1,闭合K2,形成浓差电池,电流计指针偏转(Ag+浓度越大氧化性越强)。下列说法不正确的是
A.闭合K1,断开K2后,A电极增重
B.闭合K1,断开K2后,乙池溶液浓度上升
C.断开K1,闭合K2后,A电极发生氧化反应
D.断开K1,闭合K2后,NO3-向B电极移动
4.
下列说法中,正确的是
A.利用铁加入硫酸铜溶液中的反应可以比较Cu、Fe2+的还原性
B.足量的铜跟一定量的浓硝酸反应只产生一种气体
C.氮的固定只有在高温、高压、催化剂的条件下才能实现
D.以铁为阴极、铜片为阳极、硫酸铜为电镀液可以实现铁制品镀铜
5.
某有机物的结构简式如图所示,下列说法正确的是
A.可使溴的四氯化碳溶液或酸性KMnO4溶液褪色
B.含有两种官能团
C.与乙酸互为同系物
D.可以发生取代反应和加成反应,但不能发生聚合反应
6.
下列有关叙述不正确的是
A.MgO、Al2O3熔点高,可用于制作耐火材料
B.用浓氢氧化钠溶液可除去乙酸乙酯中混有的乙酸、乙醇杂质
C.除去NaCl溶液中的Na2CO3,应选择试剂为盐酸,而不是硝酸
D.油脂在碱性条件下易发生水解,可用于制作肥皂
7.
主族元素M、R形成的简单离子M2-离子与R+离子的核外电子数之和为20,下列说法正确的是
A.M原子的质子数一定大于R原子的质子数
B.M可能存在16M、18M两种核素
C.M2-的离子与R+的电子层结构不可能相同
D.两种离子结合形成的化合物中可能含有共价键
8.
化学与社会、生产、生活密切相关。下列说法正确的是
A.碳纤维是一种新开发的材料,它属于合成有机高分子化合物
B.对“地沟油”进行分馏可得到汽油
C.漂白粉长期暴露在空气中最后会变质失效
D.氯气溶于水生成次氯酸有强氧化性,可以起到除去水中杂质和杀菌消毒作用

4.选择题(共8题)

9.下列抗生素中从、青霉中提取的是(     )   
10.下列抗生素中从、青霉中提取的是(     )   
11.任务型阅读

    Were you the first or the last child in your family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think it matters where you were born in your family. But there are different ideas about what birth order means. Some people say that oldest children are smart and strong-willed. They are very likely to be successful. The reason for this is simple.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} So this child is very likely to do well. An only child will succeed for the same reason.

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Middle children don't get so much attention, so they don't feel that important. If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} He or she is the baby. Often this child grows up to be funny and charming.

   Do you believe these ideas of birth order too? A recent study saw things quite differently.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}. They didn't take many chances in their lives. They usually followed orders and seldom made their own decisions. Rules didn't mean as much to later children in the family. They went out and followed their own ideas.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. They took chances and they often did better in life

B. Parents have a lot of time for their first child, they give him or her a lot of attention

C. The youngest child, though, often gets special treatment

D. The study found that first children believed in family rules

E. What happens to the other children in the family?

12.在贫瘠的土地上,小麦生长不好而大豆生长较好,这是由于(    )   
13.在贫瘠的土地上,小麦生长不好而大豆生长较好,这是由于(    )   
14.阅读理解

    Visas

    Travelers to France must have a valid passport (有效护照). Visitors from EEC (欧共体) countries and America do not need visas, but visitors from other countries should contact the nearest French consulate (领事馆) or tourist office about getting one before travelling.

    Arrival

    You could arrive at one of the two airports serving Paris.

    Charles de Gaulle is bigger and more modern. You can take a comfortable and inexpensive Air France bus to Porte Millot in the 16th district, then take a bus , the Metro or a taxi to your hotel. There are also city buses (No. 350 and 351) which go into Eastern Paris, Nation and the Gare de Train Station. A taxi takes about 40 to 50 minutes to reach the centre, and costs about 170 Francs. Add another 30 minutes for rush hours.

    Orly is the other major airport, which have mostly domestic (国内的) flights. Air France buses go to the Invalides Terminal, a convenient drop off place, where you can take the Metro or RER directly. A city bus (Orly bus) comes into the southern end of Paris at the Denfer-Rochereau Metro Station every 15 minutes. A taxi ride, not during rush hour, takes 30-40 minutes and costs about 120 Francs.

    If you arrive at a train station, you can follow the clearly posted signs towards the Metro or taxi stands.

    Money

    Many banks in Paris will change cash or travelers’ checks, and there are no special differences in rates (比率). Banking hours are 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on weekdays. The exchanges window at the Gare du Nord is open until 10 p.m. on weekdays, and other station banks are open until 8 p.m.

    There are automatic (自动的) exchange machines at the Opera (the BNP Bank) and at No.66 on the Champs-Elysees that will change other bills into Francs. International VISA cards can be used in automatic tellers at many city banks.

    If you lose your credit card, here are some hotline numbers: American Express (Tel: 4777-7200); Diners Club (Tel: 4762-7575); Carte Bleu Visa (Tel: 4277-1190).

15.阅读理解

    7 January, 2014

    A new report says more and more international students are attending colleges and universities in the United States. It also notes a large increase in the number of international students from China.

    These findings are from the latest Open Doors Report. The report documents the record number of international students in the United States during 2012, 2013 school year. It says more than seven hundred sixty-four thousand four-hundred such students were attending American colleges and universities during the last two years. That represents an increase of almost six percent than one year earlier.

    On the other hand, the number of Americans studying overseas(海外) increased by one percent, which reached nineteen thousand this year.

The report says one hundred ninety-four thousand students at American colleges and universities were from China. That is an increase of more than twenty-three percent over the year before. Peggy Blumenthal, an expert of international education, described the effect of the increase in Chinese students.

    "Now they have been coming for some time. But this year was the highest level ever." She says many Chinese families are able to pay for the highest-quality education for their children. The children mainly choose to study in America.

    "We know many of them have enough income to be able to afford to send them anywhere in the world that they want to go. And for the most part, looking around the world, Chinese students still prefer to come to the United States as their choice."

    Chinese students are not the only ones who want to attend American colleges and universities. After China, India sends the second largest number of students to the United States for higher education. India has about one hundred thousand students in American schools. South Korea is third with about seventy-two thousand students.

    Why do so many foreign students study in the United States? Peggy Blumenthal provides one reason.

    "The advantage America has is that we have a huge system and a very perfect system. So there are over four thousand universities and colleges in the United States. Among them are some top ones in the world, and what that tells us is there is still a lot of room to host international students."

    Foreign students represent less than four percent of the total student population in American higher education.

    And from Learning English, that's the VOA Special English Education Report. I'm Bob Doughty. Thanks for listening.

16.我们吃的的馒头、面包中有许多小孔洞,吃起来疏松可口的主要原因是(     )

5.填空题(共1题)

17.
天冬酰胺(结构如图)在芦笋中含量丰富,具有提高身体免疫力的功效。

(1)天冬酰胺所含元素中, (填元素名称)元素基态原子核外未成对电子数最多,天冬酰胺中碳原子的杂化轨道类型有    种。
(2)H2S和H2Se的参数对比见表。
化学式
键长/nm
键角
沸点/℃
H2S
1.34
92.3o
一60.75
H2Se
1.47
91.0o
一41.50
 
①H2Se的晶体类型为 ,含有的共价键类型为
②H2S的键角大于H2Se的原因可能为
(3)已知钼(Mo)位于第五周期VIB族,钼、铬、锰的部分电离能如下表所示
编号
I5/kJ·mol-1
I6/kJ·mol-1
I7/kJ·mol-1
I8/kJ·mol-1
A
6990
9220
11500
18770
B
6702
8745
15455
17820
C
5257
6641
12125
13860
 
A是 (填元素符号),B的价电子排布式为

6.实验题(共1题)

18.
镁、铝、铁及其化合物在生产、生活中有着广泛的应用
I:实验室采用MgCl2、AlCl3的混合溶液与过量氨水反应制备MgAl2O4,主要流程如下:

(1)已知25℃时Ksp[Mg(OH)2]=1.8×10-11,Ksp[Al(OH)3]=3×10-34,该温度下向浓度均为0.01 mol·L-1的MgCl2和AlCl3混合溶液中逐滴加入氨水,先生成 沉淀(填化学式)。
(2)高温焙烧时发生反应的化学方程式 ,洗涤沉淀时的方法是   
(3)常温下如果向AlCl3饱和溶液中不断通人HCl气体,可析出AlCl3·6H2O晶体,结合化学平衡移动原理解释析出晶体的原因:
Ⅱ:某兴趣小组的同学发现将一定量的铁与浓硫酸加热时,观察到铁完全溶解,并产生大量气体。为此,他们设计了如下装置验证所产生的气体。

(1)G装置的作用是  
(2)证明有SO2生成的现象是  ,为了证明气体中含有氢气,装置E和F中加入的试剂分别为
(3)若将铁丝换成铜丝,反应后的溶液没有出现预计的蓝色溶液,而出现了大量白色固体,原因是     
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    推断题:(1道)

    工业流程:(1道)

    单选题:(6道)

    选择题:(8道)

    填空题:(1道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:3

    9星难题:2