2014届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第一次模拟考试化学试卷

适用年级:高三
试卷号:293908

试卷类型:高考模拟
试卷考试时间:2017/7/26

1.推断题(共1题)

1.
化合物A(分子式为C6H6O2)是一种有机化工原料,在空气中易被氧化。由A合成黄樟油(E)和香料F的合成路线如下(部分反应条件已略去):

已知:B的分子式为C7H6O2,不能发生银镜反应,也不能与NaOH溶液反应。
(1)写出E中含氧官能团的名称:________和________。
(2)写出反应C→D的反应类型:___________________________________。
(3)写出反应A→B的化学方程式:______________________________。
(4)某芳香化合物是D的同分异构体,且分子中只有两种不同化学环境的氢。写出该芳香化合物的结构简式:________(任写一种)。
(5)根据已有知识并结合流程中相关信息,写出以为主要原料制备的合成路线流程图(无机试剂任用)。合成路线流程图示例如下:_______________

2.综合题(共1题)

2.
2013年诺贝尔化学奖授予三位美国科学家,以表彰他们在开发多尺度复杂化学系统模型方面所做的贡献。可以用量子化学计算小区间内(如光合作用叶绿体光反应时酶中、生物固氮时固氮酶中)的化学反应。
(1)固氮酶有由铁蛋白和钼铁蛋白两种,它们不仅能够催化N2还原成NH3以外,还能将环境底物乙炔催化还原成乙烯,下列说法正确的有 (不定项选择)。
a.C2H2、C2H4都是非极性分子
b.碳负离子CH3呈三角锥形
c.NO+电子式为
d.NH3沸点比N2高,主要是因为前者是极性分子
(2)钒可合成电池电极也可人工合成的二价钒(V)固氮酶(结构如下图)。

①V2+基态时核外电子排布式为
②钒固氮酶钒的配位原子有 (写元素符号)。
③熔融空气电池钒硼晶体晶胞结构如下图所示,该晶胞中含有钒原子数目为

(3)烟酰胺(结构式如图)可用于合成光合辅酶NADPH,烟酰胺分子中氮原子的杂化轨道类型有 ,1mol该分子中含σ键数目为

3.单选题(共4题)

3.
下列有关物质性质的应用正确的是 ( )
A.氯化钠溶液显中性,可用铝制容器贮存氯化钠溶液
B.碳酸钠溶液显碱性,可用热的纯碱溶液除去金属器件表面油污
C.氮气化学性质通常不活泼,可将炽热的镁粉可放在氮气中冷却
D.铜的金属性比铁弱,可将海轮浸水部分镶上铜锭以减缓船体腐蚀
4.
下表中根据实验操作和现象所得出的结论正确的是
选项
实验操作
实验现象
结论
A
某钠盐W中加入稀硫酸,产生的无色无味的气体通入澄清石灰水
石灰水变浑浊
W可能是Na2CO3
B
蘸有浓氨水的玻璃棒靠近溶液X
有白烟产生
X一定是浓盐酸
C
强酸性溶液Y中加入Ba(NO3)2溶液,静置后再加入KSCN溶液
先有白色沉淀,后溶液又变红
Y中一定含有SO42和Fe3+
D
少量气态炔烃Z通入pH=a的溴水中
溴水褪色,溶液的pH仍约为a
Z与溴发生了取代反应
 
A.AB.BC.CD.D
5.
下列装置或操作能达到实验目的的是
A.AB.BC.CD.D
6.
2013年10月世界卫生组织癌症专门机构首次指认大气污染“对人类致癌”。下列行为有利于防止大气污染、遏制雾霾天气发生的是( )
A.在田间焚烧秸秆
B.冬季燃烧大量烟煤供热取暖
C.提倡开私家车出行,减少乘坐公交车
D.改善能源结构,大力发展太阳能、风能等清洁能源

4.选择题(共9题)

7.下列观点不符合板块学说的是(  )
8.下列观点不符合板块学说的是(  )
9.读等高线地形图,回答问题。

10.在地球仪上,最长的纬线是(  )
11.地图的三大基本要素是(  )
12.2008年9月25日,我国在甘肃酒泉(39°44′N,98°31′E)卫星发射中心成功发射了自行研制的第三艘载人飞船“神舟七号”,小杰想知道酒泉在哪里,他选用了“中国政区图”;乐乐在确定前往“鸟巢”的路线时,她选用了“北京市城市交通图”;小军去泰州市区探访同学,他选用了“泰州地形图”;王芳去“姜堰溱湖风景区”旅游,她选用了“溱湖风景区导游图”。回答问题。
13.阅读理解

    John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose.

    His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II.

    During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was starting Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like.

    When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting —7:00 PM at the Grand Central Station in New York. “You'll recognize me,” she wrote, “by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel.” So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen.

    I'll let Mr. Blanchard tell you what happened: A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears; her eyes were blue as flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive. I stared at her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, attractive smile curved her lips. “Going my way sailor?” she murmured.

    Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away. I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own.

    And there she stood. Her pale, plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify(识别)me to her.

    This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love, a friendship for which I had been and must ever be grateful. I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked(哽咽)by the bitterness (痛苦)of my disappointment. "I'm Lieutenant (中尉)John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?"

    The woman's face broadened into a tolerant smile. "I don't know what this is about, son," she answered, "but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!"

    It's not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom. The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive. "Tell me whom you love," Houssaye wrote, "And I will tell you who you are."

14.阅读理解

    John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose.

    His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II.

    During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was starting Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like.

    When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting —7:00 PM at the Grand Central Station in New York. “You'll recognize me,” she wrote, “by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel.” So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen.

    I'll let Mr. Blanchard tell you what happened: A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears; her eyes were blue as flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive. I stared at her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, attractive smile curved her lips. “Going my way sailor?” she murmured.

    Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away. I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own.

    And there she stood. Her pale, plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify(识别)me to her.

    This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love, a friendship for which I had been and must ever be grateful. I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked(哽咽)by the bitterness (痛苦)of my disappointment. "I'm Lieutenant (中尉)John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?"

    The woman's face broadened into a tolerant smile. "I don't know what this is about, son," she answered, "but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!"

    It's not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom. The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive. "Tell me whom you love," Houssaye wrote, "And I will tell you who you are."

15.阅读理解

    John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose.

    His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II.

    During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was starting Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like.

    When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting —7:00 PM at the Grand Central Station in New York. “You'll recognize me,” she wrote, “by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel.” So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen.

    I'll let Mr. Blanchard tell you what happened: A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears; her eyes were blue as flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive. I stared at her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, attractive smile curved her lips. “Going my way sailor?” she murmured.

    Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away. I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own.

    And there she stood. Her pale, plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify(识别)me to her.

    This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love, a friendship for which I had been and must ever be grateful. I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked(哽咽)by the bitterness (痛苦)of my disappointment. "I'm Lieutenant (中尉)John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?"

    The woman's face broadened into a tolerant smile. "I don't know what this is about, son," she answered, "but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!"

    It's not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom. The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive. "Tell me whom you love," Houssaye wrote, "And I will tell you who you are."

5.多选题(共1题)

16.
鼠尾草酚可用于防治骨质疏松,鼠尾草酸可两步转化得到鼠尾草酚,下列说法正确的是
A.X、Y、Z互为同分异构体
B.X、Z均能与FeCl3溶液发生显色反应
C.X、Y、Z分子中均含有2个手性碳原子
D.1molX与NaOH溶液反应最多消耗3molNaOH

6.实验题(共3题)

17.
甲酸钙广泛用于食品、化工、石油等工业生产上,300~400℃左右分解。Ⅰ、实验室制取的方法之一是:Ca(OH)2+2HCHO + H2O2= Ca(HCOO)2+ 2H2O + H2↑。
实验室制取时,将工业用氢氧化钙和甲醛依次加入到质量分数为30-70%的过氧化氢溶液中(投料物质的量之比依次为1∶2∶1.2),最终可得到质量分数98%以上且重金属含量极低的优质产品。
(1)过氧化氢比理论用量稍多,其目的是
(2)反应温度最好控制在30-70℃之间,温度不易过高,其主要原因是
(3)制备时在混合溶液中要加入微量硼酸钠抑制甲醛发生副反应外,还要加入少量的Na2S溶液,加硫化钠的目的是
(4)实验时需强力搅拌45min,其目的是 ;结束后需调节溶液的pH 7~8,其目的是 。最后经结晶分离、干燥得产品。
Ⅱ、某研究性学习小组用工业碳酸钙(主要成分为CaCO3;杂质为:Al2O3、FeCO3) 为原料,先制备无机钙盐,再与甲酸钠溶液混合制取甲酸钙。结合如图几种物质的溶解度曲线及表中相关金属离子生成氢氧化物沉淀的pH(开始沉淀的pH按金属离子浓度为1.0 mol·L-1计算),现提供的试剂有:a.甲酸钠,b.5mol·L-1硝酸,c. 5mol·L-1盐酸,d. 5mol·L-1硫酸,e. 3%H2O2溶液,f.澄清石灰水。

请补充完整由碳酸钙制备甲酸钙的实验步骤
金属
离子
开始沉淀
的pH
沉淀完全
的pH
Fe3
1. 1
3. 2
Al3
3. 0
5. 0
Fe2
5. 8
8. 8
 
步骤1.称取13.6g甲酸钠溶于约20mL水,配成溶待用,并称取研细的碳酸钙样品10g待用。
步骤2.
步骤3.
步骤4.过滤后,将滤液与甲酸钠溶液混合,调整溶液pH 7~8,充分搅拌,所得溶液经蒸发浓缩、 、洗涤、60℃时干燥得甲酸钙晶体。
18.
4,7-二甲基香豆素(熔点:132.6 ℃)是一种重要的香料,广泛分布于植物界中,以间甲苯酚为原料的合成反应如下:

实验装置图如下:

主要实验步骤:
步骤1.向三口烧瓶中加入60 mL浓硫酸,并冷却至0℃以下,搅拌下滴入间甲苯酚30 mL(0.29 mol)和乙酰乙酸乙酯26.4 mL(0.21 mol)的混合物。
步骤2.保持在10℃下,搅拌12 h,反应完全后,将其倒入冰水混合物中,然后抽滤、水洗得粗品。
步骤3.粗品用乙醇溶解并重结晶,得白色针状晶体并烘干,称得产品质量为33.0 g。
(1)图中仪器名称:a______________,b______________。
(2)浓H2SO4需要冷却至0 ℃以下的原因是_________________。
(3)反应需要搅拌12 h,其原因是_________________。
(4)确定最终产品是4,7-二甲基香豆素的实验或方法是__________________。
(5)本次实验产率为______________。
19.
叠氮化钠(NaN3)是汽车安全气囊中的主要成分,能在发生碰撞的瞬间分解产生大量气体将气囊鼓起。实验室测定叠氮化钠样品中NaN3的质量分数。实验步骤如下:
①称取约2.5000g叠氮化钠试样,配成250mL溶液。
②准确量取25.00mL溶液置于锥形瓶中,用滴定管加入50.00mL 0.1000mol·L-1
(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6(六硝酸铈铵),
[发生反应为:2(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6+2NaN3=4NH4NO3+2Ce(NO3)3+2NaNO3+3N2↑](杂质不参与反应)。
③反应后将溶液稍稀释,然后向溶液中加入5mL浓硫酸,滴入2滴邻菲哕啉指示液,用0.0500mol·L-1(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2(硫酸亚铁铵)标准滴定溶液滴定过量的Ce4+至溶液由淡绿色变为黄红色(发生的反应为:Ce4++Fe2+= Ce3++Fe3+),消耗硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液24.00mL。
(1)步骤①配制叠氮化钠溶液时,除需用到烧杯、玻璃棒、量筒外,还用到的玻璃仪器有
(2)叠氮化钠受撞击时生成两种单质,反应的化学方程式为    
(3)若其它读数正确,滴定到终点后,读取滴定管中 (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2标准溶液体积按图图示读取,将导致所测定样品中叠氮化钠质量分数 (选填:“偏大”、“偏小”或“不变”)。

(4)通过计算确定叠氮化钠试样中含NaN3的质量分数为多少(写出计算过程)。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    推断题:(1道)

    综合题:(1道)

    单选题:(4道)

    选择题:(9道)

    多选题:(1道)

    实验题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:9

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:1