2014高考名师推荐化学--预测4

适用年级:高三
试卷号:260456

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/7/26

1.综合题(共3题)

1.
硫单质及其化合物在工农业生产中有着重要的应用。
(1)已知25℃时:SO2(g)+2CO(g)=2CO2(g)+1/xSx(s) △H=akJ/mol
2COS(g)+SO2(g)=2CO2(g)+3/xSx(s) △H=bkJ/mol。
则COS(g)生成CO(g)与Sx(s)反应的热化学方程式是   
(2)雄黄(As4S4)和雌黄(As2S3)是提取砷的主要矿物原料。已知As2S3和HNO3有如下反应:As2S3+10H++ 10NO3=2H3AsO4+3S+10NO2↑+ 2H2O,当生成H3AsO4的物质的量为0.6 mol反应中转移电子的数目为
(3)向等物质的量浓度Na2S、NaOH混合溶液中滴加稀盐酸至过量。其中H2S、HS、S2−的分布分数(平衡时某物种的浓度占各物种浓度之和的分数)与滴加盐酸体积的关系如下图所示(忽略滴加过程H2S气体的逸出)。

①B表示
②滴加过程中,溶液中微粒浓度大小关系正确的是 (填字母)。
a.c(Na+)= c(H2S)+c(HS)+2c(S2−)
b.2c(Na+)=c(H2S)+c(HS)+c(S2−)
c.c(Na+)=3[c(H2S)+c(HS)+c(S2−)]
③NaHS溶液呈碱性,当滴加盐酸至M点时,溶液中各离子浓度由大到小的顺序为   
(4)工业上用硫碘开路循环联产氢气和硫酸的工艺流程如下图所示:

① 写出反应器中发生反应的化学方程式是
② 电渗析装置如图所示,写出阳极的电极反应式     。该装置中发生的总反应的化学方程式是
2.
用菱锰矿(MnCO3)常含有Fe2O3、FeO、HgCO3·2HgO等杂质,工业常用菱锰矿制取锰,工艺流程如下:

请回答下列问题:
(1)向粗液1中加入的水最后需要 方法才能达到技术要求。
(2)流程中用的空气是用膜分离法制备的富氧空气,该方法的原理是
(3)净化剂主要成分为(NH4)2S,粗液2中发生主要反应的离子方程式为
(4)写出阳极的电极反应式 。说明电解液循环的原因     
(5)写出铝热法炼锰的化学方程式  
3.
已知A、B、C、D、E都是元素周期表中的前四周期元素,它们原子序数的大小关系为A<C<B<D<E。又知A原子的p轨道为半充满,其形成的简单氢化物的沸点是同主族非金属元素的氢化物中最高的。D原子得到一个电子后其3p轨道将全充满。B离子比D原子形成的离子少一个电子层。C与B可形成BC型的离子化合物。E的原子序数为29。
请回答下列问题:
(1) 元素A简单氢化物中A原子的杂化类型是________,B、C、D的电负性由小到大的顺序为______(用所对应的元素符号表示)。C的气态氢化物易溶于水的原因是____________________。
(2)E原子的基态电子排布式为________。元素E的单质晶体在不同温度下可有两种堆积方式,晶胞分别如图a和b所示,则其面心立方堆积的晶胞与体心立方堆积的晶胞中实际含有的E原子的个数之比为____________。

(3)实验证明:KCl、MgO、CaO、TiN这4种晶体的结构与NaCl晶体结构相似(如图所示),其中3种离子晶体的晶格能数据如下表:
离子晶体
NaCl
KCl
CaO
晶格能/kJ·mol-1
786
715
3401
 
则该4种离子晶体(不包括NaCl)熔点从高到低的顺序是:________。
(4)金属阳离子含未成对电子越多,则磁性越大,磁记录性能越好。离子型氧化物V2O5和CrO2中,适合作录音带磁粉原料的是________。
(5)温室效应,科学家设计反应:CO2+4H2—→CH4+2H2O以减小空气中CO2。若有1 mol CH4生成,则有________mol σ键和________mol π键断裂。

2.选择题(共6题)

4.阅读理解

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5.阅读理解

    Special Offers

Free soft drink

Buy any meal for at least 6 yuan at Mike's Café and receives a free soft drink. We serve(供应)the best hamburgers and snacks in the mall. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent service(服务). Free soft drink offer ends on November 12.

Buy one, get one free

Buy one shirt at LOTTE-Mart Menswear(男士专柜),and get another shirt of the same value(价值)free. You can choose any tie here, then we will give you another one at no cost(免费). Hurry! Offer ends on November 10.

10% Off

Show this ticket at Xinhua Book Store to get a 10% discount(打折)on any book you buy. We have lots of books to choose from, including(包括)children's books, novels, travel guides and hobbies. You are sure to find something that you'll enjoy. Shop now for Christmas.

6 Hour' Free Parking

If you spend 100 yuan or more in RT-Mart, you will receive six hours of free parking. When you have spent 100 yuan or more, just take this ticket that you pay for your goods(货物)to the service desk. They will stamp(盖章) your parking ticket to allow 6 hours of free parking.

6.阅读理解
Driver Wanted
1.Clean driving record
2.Good looks
3. Age over 25
Apply (申请) to: Capes Taxi, Shenzhen                             Tel: 0775-6561382
 
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1. Age between 20 and 33
    2. Height from 1.60 m to 1.75m
3. Two foreign languages
4. College graduate
Apply to: China Airlines, Beijing                         Tel: 010-88488970
 
Teacher Needed
1. For private language school
2. Teaching experience necessary
Apply to: Instant Languages Ltd, Dalian             Tel: 0411-4313861
 

7.Once upon a time, there was a(an) _________village. People there were kind.
8.Once upon a time, there was a(an) _________village. People there were kind.
9.翻译(根据句子的汉语意思,完成句子)

3.单选题(共1题)

10.
有机化合物A转化为B的反应类型是
A.加聚反应    
B.加成反应
C.消去反应
D.取代反应

4.填空题(共1题)

11.
合成口服抗菌药琥乙红霉素片的原料G、某种广泛应用于电子领域的高分子化合物I的合成路线如下:

已知:① R—CH2—CH=CH2R—CHCl—CH=CH2
②R—CH2—CH=CH2R—CH2CH2CH2CHO
(1)C的结构简式是   ,E中的官能团的名称是  
(2)写出AB的反应方程式  ,该反应类型是   
(3)H的分子式为C8H6O4,能与碳酸钠溶液反应放出气体,其一氯取代物只有一种,试写出E+HI的反应方程式   
(4)关于G的说法中错误的是 (填序号)。
a.1 mol G最多可与2 mol NaHCO3反应
b.G可发生消去反应
c.1 mol G最多可与2 mol H2发生加成反应
d.1 mol G在一定条件下可与2 mol乙醇发生取代反应

5.实验题(共1题)

12.
实验室采用MgCl2、AlCl3的混合溶液与过量氨水反应制备MgAl2O4,主要流程如下 :

(1)为使Mg2+、Al3+同时生成沉淀,应先向沉淀反应器中加入____________(填“A”或“B”),再滴加另一反应物。
(2)如右图所示,过滤操作中的一处错误是_______________________________。

(3)判断流程中沉淀是否洗净所用的试剂是_____________________________;高温焙烧时,用于盛放固体的仪器名称是________________。
(4)无水AlCl3(183°C升华)遇潮湿空气即产生大量白雾,实验室可用下列装置制备。

装置 B中盛放饱和NaCl溶液,该装置的主要作用是_________________________。F中试剂的作用是________________;用一件仪器装填适当试剂后也可起到F和G的作用;所装填的试剂为________________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(3道)

    选择题:(6道)

    单选题:(1道)

    填空题:(1道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:0