云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州陇川县第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期开学考试化学试题

适用年级:高二
试卷号:250123

试卷类型:开学考试
试卷考试时间:2019/9/23

1.综合题(共1题)

1.
“低碳”既是时尚,也是环保要求。“低碳”在工业生产中意义重大,充分利用原材料,不排放或减少排放“三废”,不同工厂今后联合生产等都是很好的“低碳”生产方式。下面是几个工厂利用废气、废渣(液)联合生产化肥硫酸铵的工艺:

请回答下列问题:
(1)工艺操作①、②分别为____________、____________。
(2)工业合成氨的化学方程式为:__________。
(3)写出生成“产品”的离子方程式:________。
(4)在实验室中检验合成氨厂排出的废气中是否含有氨气的方法是______________。
(5)副产品的化学式为________________。该联合生产工艺中可以循环使用的物质是__________________。

2.单选题(共12题)

2.
可充电电池因其可以反复使用而深受广大消费者喜爱。请你根据对可充电电池的理解,选出下列有关说法正确的是( )
A.放电时,把热能转化为电能
B.放电时,正极发生氧化反应
C.充电时,电池的负极发生还原反应
D.充电时,把化学能转化为电能
3.
下列关于烃的说法中,正确的是(  )
A.烃是只含碳和氢两种元素的有机物
B.烃是分子中含有碳元素的化合物
C.烃是燃烧后生成二氧化碳和水的有机物
D.烃是含有碳和氢元素的化合物
4.
下列说法中正确的是( )
A.烷烃分子中都存在碳碳单键
B.乙醇与乙酸都存在碳氧双键
C.普通食醋中含3%~5%(质量分数)的乙酸
D.米酒变酸的过程涉及了酯化反应
5.
下列关于甲烷分子的说法中错误的是( )
A.甲烷分子中的化学键都是极性键
B.甲烷分子中4个C—H键完全相同
C.甲烷分子中碳原子位于正四面体的中心
D.甲烷分子中碳元素的化合价为+4价
6.
能证明氯化氢是共价化合物的是(  )
A.氯化氢易溶于水B.液态氯化氢不导电
C.氯化氢在水中完全电离D.氯化氢比较稳定
7.
若能发现第117号元素X,它的原子结构与卤族元素相似,电子排布有7个电子层,且最外层有7个电子。下列叙述中正确的是 (  )
A.此X元素的气态氢化物的化学式为HX,在常温下很稳定
B.其单质带有金属光泽,具有强氧化性,可与KI发生置换反应生成I2
C.其单质的分子式为X2,易溶于有机溶剂
D.AgX是一种有色的易溶于水的化合物
8.
实验室制取蒸馏水和蒸发实验,都要用到的仪器是( )
A.温度计B.冷凝管C.玻璃棒D.酒精灯
9.
实验室中检验CO32-所用的试剂是( )
①盐酸   ②NaOH溶液    ③澄清的石灰水
A.①②B.①③C.②③D.①②③
10.
除去氧化铁中的氧化铝,可采用的试剂是(  )
A.盐酸B.硝酸C.氢氧化钠溶液D.氨水
11.
下列实验操作能达到预期目的是()
A.向某无色溶液中加BaCl2溶液产生不溶于稀HNO3的白色沉淀,说明原溶液中一定有SO42-
B.向某无色溶液中加入盐酸,有无色无味的气体产生,则说明原溶液中一定有CO32-
C.向某溶液中滴加KSCN溶液,溶液不变红,再滴加氯水,变红,说明原溶液一定有Fe2+
D.向某无色溶液中加浓NaOH溶液并加热,产生能使湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸变红的气体,则说明原溶液中一定有NH4+
12.
制取合金常用的方法是将两种或多种金属(也可为金属和非金属)加热到某一温度使其全部熔化,再冷却成为合金。试据表中数据判断(其他条件均满足),下列合金不宜采用上述方法制取的是( )
金属
Na
Mg
Al
Cu
Fe
熔点/℃
97.5
649
660
1083
1535
沸点/℃
883
1090
2467
2567
2750
 
A.铁铜合金B.镁铁合金C.钠铝合金D.铁铝合金
13.
为了保护自然环境,提高人民的生活质量,必须重视处理“白色污染”。该“白色污染”指的是( )
A.冶炼厂的白色烟尘B.石灰窑的白色粉末
C.聚氯乙烯等塑料垃圾D.白色建筑材料

3.选择题(共2题)

14.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

    In American schools there is something called Homecoming Day. Many high schools and colleges with a football team have a homecoming game. This can be the most important thing of the year except graduation or commencement(颁授学位典礼) day. Students plan Homecoming Day for many weeks before the day.

    Several days before Homecoming, students start to decorate the schoool. There are signs to wish luck to the team, and many other signs to welcome all the students. Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years after they leave school.

    During the day people like to look for teachers that they remember from long ago. Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school.

    Everyone soon comes to watch the football game. When the game is half over, the band comes onto the field and plays school songs. Another important moment is when the Homecoming Queen or King appears. All the students vote a most popular student Homecoming Queen or King. It is a great honor to be chosen.

    Homecoming is a happy day, but it is not perfect unless the football team wins the game. Even if the team loses, the students still enjoy Homecoming. Some stay at the school to dance, and others go to a party. For everyone it is a day worth remembering.

15.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

    In American schools there is something called Homecoming Day. Many high schools and colleges with a football team have a homecoming game. This can be the most important thing of the year except graduation or commencement(颁授学位典礼) day. Students plan Homecoming Day for many weeks before the day.

    Several days before Homecoming, students start to decorate the schoool. There are signs to wish luck to the team, and many other signs to welcome all the students. Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years after they leave school.

    During the day people like to look for teachers that they remember from long ago. Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school.

    Everyone soon comes to watch the football game. When the game is half over, the band comes onto the field and plays school songs. Another important moment is when the Homecoming Queen or King appears. All the students vote a most popular student Homecoming Queen or King. It is a great honor to be chosen.

    Homecoming is a happy day, but it is not perfect unless the football team wins the game. Even if the team loses, the students still enjoy Homecoming. Some stay at the school to dance, and others go to a party. For everyone it is a day worth remembering.

4.实验题(共2题)

16.
如图所示甲是某学生验证铜和浓硝酸反应的装置,乙、丙是另外两位同学对甲装置改进后的装置:


(1)甲、乙、丙三个装置中共同发生的反应的化学方程式是__________________________________。
(2)和甲装置相比,乙装置的优点是①______________________;②________________。
(3)为了进一步验证NO2和水的反应,某学生设计了丙装置。实验时先关闭活塞________,再打开活塞________,才能使NO2气体充满②试管;当气体充满②试管后,将铜丝提起与溶液脱离。欲使烧杯中的水进入②试管,应该_______________________。
17.
镁及其合金是一种用途很广的金属材料,目前世界上60%的镁是从海水中提取的。主要步骤如下:

(1)为了使MgSO4转化为Mg(OH)2,试剂①可以选用________,要使MgSO4完全转化为沉淀,加入试剂的量应为________________。
(2)加入试剂①后,能够分离得到Mg(OH)2沉淀的方法是_____________。
(3)试剂②选用________;写出其反应的离子方程式_______。
(4)无水MgCl2在熔融状态下,通电后产生镁和氯气,该反应的化学方程式为________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(1道)

    单选题:(12道)

    选择题:(2道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:10

    9星难题:0