2014年高中地理一轮复习:第4单元自然资源和自然灾害(带解析)

适用年级:高三
试卷号:246811

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/8/17

1.综合题(共3题)

1.
读图回答问题
材料:1956年兴建了杜家台分洪区,1958年又动工修建丹江口水利工程。

(1)汉江是长江最长支流,且流域面积比湘江大,但径流总量却比湘江小,据图和所学知识说明原因。
(2)汉江在历史上曾经是长江支流中洪涝火害最严重的河流,试分析形成的原因。近几十年,汉江水患已基本解除,据图说出治理汉江的主要措施。
(3)试分析导致洞庭湖7~9月面积变化的自然原因。
(4)简述长江中游支流及湖泊的分布对长江干流汛期水位的影响。
2.
积极开发新能源已经成为世界各国的共识。读有关图文材料,完成下列问题。
东海大桥风电场位于东海大桥以东,将由34台巨大的白色大风车组成,形成一片14平方千米的海上风电示范区,装机容量达100兆瓦,通过海底电缆传回电力,可为10万户家庭提供全部用电,年减排二氧化碳效应相当于5万辆汽车停驶。

(1)按照可再生能源分类,太阳能、风能、水能属于________能源,其中属于新能源的是______。从协调人地关系角度看,人类积极开发新能源的意义是___________。(至少答出两点)
(2)读图回答拉萨和重庆哪个地区更适宜发展太阳能,并结合两地自然条件分别说明理由。
(3)分析上海建设东海大桥风电场的有利因素和不利因素。 有利因素________(至少答出两点)。不利因素________。
3.
读分析材料,回答下列问题。
D湖泊(图a)的湖面海拔的约3800米,降水资料如图b所示。D湖沿岸地区地形平坦,发现有大量古代农耕遗迹,包括相互交织的人工堆土高台、人工水渠(图 C).以及人工运河和水塘。


(1)推测D湖沿岸地区气温的年变化、日变化持特征,并简述原因。
(2)归纳D湖沿岸地区的降水特征。
(3)指出威胁D湖沿岸地区发展耕作业的主要气象灾害及发生时间。
(4)说明该农耕系统对防治这些气象灾害的作用。

2.单选题(共7题)

4.
读“我国四个地区的简图”,回答小题。

【小题1】图示四个地区中土地资源、矿产资源最为丰富的分别是 ( )
A.甲和乙B.乙和丙
C.丙和丁D.甲和丁
【小题2】四地区濒临海域最适于发展海洋能源工业的是 ( )
A.甲B.乙
C.丙D.丁
【小题3】近几年来,观测发现丁河口泥沙淤积严重,最可能是哪一种自然资源利用不合理造成的 ( )
A.太阳能资源B.生物资源
C.矿产资源D.水资源
5.
下图为我国寒潮路径及等次数线分布图。读图回答下列各题。

【小题1】对图示寒潮出现次数空间分布规律,描述正确的是(  )
A.自东北向西南递减B.自西北向东南递减
C.从乌兰巴托至南昌一线向左右两侧递增D.从西安向成都递增
【小题2】与西安相比,成都受寒潮影响较小的原因是(  )
A.地势高,寒潮影响不到B.北部有山地阻挡
C.纬度较低,寒潮难以到达D.亚热带气候区,气温较高
6.
积极开发低碳清洁的新能源,对于解决当今世界严重的环境污染和资源枯竭问题具有重要意义。下图示意中国风能资源分布。据此完成小题。

【小题1】我国风能资源分布规律叙述正确的是 ( )
A.风能丰歉与海拔呈正相关
B.风能丰歉与纬度呈正相关
C.由沿海向内陆逐渐减少
D.风能欠缺区分布主要与地形因素有关
【小题2】当前我国开发风力发电有利条件是 ( )
①风能资源丰富 ②市场需求量大 ③能源结构以新能源为主 ④优惠政策支持
A.①②③B.①②④
C.①③④D.②③④
7.
图3为某地地质剖面图,图中1、2、3、4、5、6为地层编号,表示地层由老到新。据此判断问题。

【小题1】若图中①处与②处的相对高度为10米,图中所示的沙丘为流动沙丘,为了治理沙漠化应该在哪里植树种草最合适
A.①B.②C.③D.④
【小题2】若图中4号地层为含油层,则开采石油的最佳地点是
A.①B.②C.③D.④
8.
当地时间2011年4月13日,一场强力的沙尘暴从邻国伊拉克袭击了伊朗20个省,导致伊朗天空变成红色,能见度降低,部分地区能见度只有50米。居民十分担心当地的空气质量,部分政府机构停止办公,学校宣布暂时关闭。据此回答小题。
【小题1】与此次沙尘暴的发生无关的是 ( )
A.干旱天气加大了沙尘暴发生的几率
B.与邻国伊拉克采伐森林和沙漠化加剧有关
C.该时期本地区大风天气频繁
D.与伊拉克大量石油开采有关
【小题2】沙尘暴发生时,对哪一种运输方式影响最小 ( )
A.公路运输B.航空运输
C.铁路运输D.海洋运输
【小题3】伊朗沙尘暴发生时期,也是我国西北部沙尘暴的多发季节。我国沙尘暴和伊朗沙尘暴相同的是 ( )
A.沙尘来源相同B.灾害损失相同
C.成因机制相同D.对空气质量影响相同
9.
在山区公路和铁路道旁经常可以看到如下图所示的工程建设。据图完成小题。

【小题1】图中的防护工程主要是针对下列灾害中的 ( )
①地震 ②滑坡 ③泥石流 ④崩塌 ⑤山洪
A.①②③B.②③④
C.②③④⑤D.①②③④⑤
【小题2】图中边坡上网格状装置的主要功能是 ( )
A.加速径流B.保持水土
C.促进蒸发D.美化环境
10.
2013年1~5月份南方多省市遭遇干旱,6月3日后,长江中下游地区出现了较强降水过程,部分旱区变为涝区。专家称大气环流改变是旱涝急转的主因。据此回答下列各题。
【小题1】南方地区发生旱灾的主要原因有(  )
①属于湿润地区,农业用水量大②降水较常年同期偏少③属于干旱地区,水资源不足④气温较常年同期偏高,蒸发量大
A.②④B.①④
C.②③D.①③
【小题2】下列因素与长江流域发生的洪水有关的是(  )
①流域的地理位置②流域的形状③流域面积的变化④干支流分布特征⑤流域的气候特征⑥长江下游森林植被破坏严重⑦围湖造田⑧上游河道“九曲回肠”
A.①②④⑤⑥B.③④⑤⑥⑦
C.①②④⑤⑦D.②④⑤⑦⑧
【小题3】防治城市内涝的措施有(  )
①兴建污水处理厂 ②疏浚河道 ③加强道路建设④完善排水系统
A.①②B.①③
C.②④D.③④

3.选择题(共6题)

11.She was always o{#blank#}1{#/blank#} , even when things were at their worst.
12.阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

    I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 1 and when I was 14 he said, “You're never going to be 2 but a failure.”

    After five years of 3  jobs, I fell in love with a very nice middle-class girl. It was the best 4  that could have happened to me. I 5  to do something positive (积极地) with my life because I wanted to prove to 6  that what people said about me was 7 . Especially her mother, who had said to me, “Let's 8  it, you've failed at everything you've ever done.” So I tried hard with my 9  and went to college. My first novel (小说) 10  while I was at college.

    After college I taught during the 11  in high schools and attended evening classes at London University, where I got a 12  in history. I became a lecturer at a college and was thinking of 13  that job to write full time 14  I was offered a part-time job at Leeds University. I began to feel proud of myself — 15  was a working-class boy who'd 16  school early, now teaching at the university.

    My writing career (职业) took off when I discovered my own style. Now I'm rich and 17 , have been on TV, and met lots of film stars. 18  what does it mean? I 19  wish all the people that have put me down had 20 : “I believe in you. You'll succeed.”

13.We will also have to rely more on a{#blank#}1{#/blank#} energy, such as solar and wind power.
14.

“潇湘”化学研究性学习小组对铁快速生锈进行了创新实验探究,实验设计如下图.

实验操作如下:

①如图所示组装好仪器.

②用锥形瓶收集一瓶氧气,塞上胶塞.在烧杯中倒入少量滴有红墨水的水(水不要加太多,没过导管末端即可).

③打开胶塞,向锥形瓶中快速加入4mL饱和食盐水、2g铁系脱氧剂(主要成分是活性铁粉).塞上胶塞,捏住乳胶管,轻轻摇晃锥形瓶,使悬浊液均匀挂在锥形瓶内壁上.

④将导管放入烧杯中.1分钟后,观察到导管中红色液柱高度超过25mm,锥形瓶内壁呈红褐色.

请回答下列问题:

15.根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.

    For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”

    Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. In general the person feels excited and ready to act.

B. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.

C. Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it.

D. Anger may cause you a cancer.

E. Do not express your anger while angry.

F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.

G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.

16.

比较阅读

[甲] 天时不如地利,地利不如人和。三里之城,七里之郭,环而攻之而不胜;夫环而攻之,必有得天时者矣,然而不胜者,是天时不如地利也。城非不高也,池非不深也,兵革非不尖利也,米粟非不多也,委而去之,是地利不如人和也。故曰,域民不以封疆之界,固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利。得道者多助,失道者寡助;寡助之至,亲戚畔之;多助之至,天下顺之。以天下之所顺,攻亲戚之所畔,故君子有不战,战必胜矣。

   [乙] 子贡问政。子曰:“足食,足兵,民信之矣。”子贡曰:“必不得已而去,于斯三者何先?”曰:“去兵。”子贡曰:“必不得已而去,于斯二者何先?”曰:“去食。自古皆有死,民无信不立”。

  (选自《论语》)

试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(3道)

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(6道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:0

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:9