2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理综物理(四川卷带解析)

适用年级:高三
试卷号:225104

试卷类型:高考真题
试卷考试时间:2017/7/19

1.单选题(共2题)

1.
今年4月30日,西昌卫星发射中心的中圆轨道卫星,其轨道半径为2.8 x 107m。它与另一颗同质量的同步轨道卫星(轨道半径为4.2 x 107m)相比
A.向心力较小B.动能较大
C.发射速度都是第一宇宙速度D.角速度较小
2.
平面内有一列沿轴正方向传播的简谐横波,波速为2,振幅为。M、N是平衡位置相距2的两上质点,如图所示。在=0时,M通过其平衡位置沿轴正方向运动,N位于其平衡位置上方最大位移处。已知该波的周期大于1。则
A.该波的周期为
B.在时,N的速度一定为2
C.从=0到=1,M向右移动了2
D.从,M的动能逐渐增大

2.选择题(共2题)

3.

阅读短文,下列问题

A

   

    Mr. Green once worked in a big company. He was quite busy so that he couldn't do any reading. So he gave up his job and opened a bookshop in the center of the town. It wasn't big but all the books were nice and most people liked to buy some there. When the shop was closed, he could read at home. He knew a lot and many learned people were glad to make friends with him.

    It was Sunday and it was cold outside. Mr. Green was very busy. At nine in the evening all the buyers left but a woman was still there. She was dressed up and seemed to be waiting for somebody there. Standing by the shelves, she looked over the books one after another, and made them in a terrible mess. Mr. Green came up to her and asked, “Excuse me, madam. What can I do for you?”

   “Your books are not interesting at all,” said the woman. “I want a delicious one.”

   “That's easy,”Mr. Green smiled. He brought out a cookbook and said, “Here you are, madam.” 

4.

阅读短文,下列问题

B

    Andy plays basketball for the children's basketball club. He usually gets up at around 5:30 and runs in his school from 5:40 to 6:40. After running, he has breakfast at 7 o'clock. For breakfast, he eats some eggs and vegetables. At around 8:00, he plays basketball with his friends. They play basketball for around four hours. At about 12:00, they have lunch. For lunch, Andy has lots of vegetables, chicken and fruit. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Andy goes to the children's basketball club. He is never late for the club. Then Andy has dinner at about 7:00. After dinner, he watches basketball games on TV. Andy usually goes to bed at 10:30.

3.多选题(共1题)

5.
半径为右端开小口的导体圆环和长为2的导体直杆,单位长度电阻均为R0。圆环水平固定放置,整个内部区域分布着竖直向下的匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B。杆在圆环上以速度平行于直径CD向右做匀速直线运动,杆始终有两点与圆环良好接触,从圆环中心O开始,杆的位置由确定,如图所示。则
A.=0时,杆产生的电动势为
B.时,杆产生的电动势为
C.=0时,杆受的安培力大小为
D.时,杆受的安培力大小为

4.解答题(共2题)

6.
(20分)如图所示,水平虚线X下方区域分布着方向水平、垂直纸面向里、磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场,整个空间存在匀强电场(图中未画出)。质量为m,电荷量为+q的小球P静止于虚线X上方A点,在某一瞬间受到方向竖直向下、大小为I的冲量作用而做匀速直线运动。在A点右下方的磁场中有定点O,长为l的绝缘轻绳一端固定于O点,另一端连接不带点的质量同为m的小球Q,自然下垂。保持轻绳伸直,向右拉起Q,直到绳与竖直方向有一小于5的夹角,在P开始运动的同时自由释放Q,Q到达O点正下方W点是速率为v0。P、Q两小球在W点发生正碰,碰到电场,磁场消失,两小球黏在一起运动。P、Q两小球均视为质点,P小球的电荷量保持不变,绳不可伸长不计空气阻力,重力加速度为g。

(1)求匀强电场场强的大小和进入磁场时的速率
(2)若绳能承受的最大拉力为,要使绳不断,至少为多大?
(3)求点距虚线的距离
7.
四川省“十二五”水利发展规划指出,若按现有供水能力测算,我省供水缺口极大,蓄引提水是目前解决供水问题的重要手段之一。某地要把河水抽高20m,进入蓄水池,用一台电动机通过传动效率为80%的皮带,带动效率为60%的离心水泵工作。工作电压为380V,此时输入电动机的电功率为19kW,电动机的内阻为0.4。已知水的密度为,重力加速度取102。求
(1)电动机内阻消耗的热功率;
(2)将蓄水池蓄入864的水需要的时间(不计进、出水口的水流速度)。

5.实验题(共1题)

8.
(1)某物理兴趣小组采用如图所示的装置深入研究平抛运动。质量分别为mA和mB的A、B小球处于同一高度,M为A球中心初始时在水平地面上的垂直投影。用小锤打击弹性金属片,使A球沿水平方向飞出,同时松开B球,B球自由下落。A球落到地面N点处,B球落到地面P点处。测得mA=0.04kg,mB=0.05kg,B球距地面的高度是1.225m,M、N点间的距离为1.500m,则B球落到P点的时间是____________s,A球落地时的动能是__________J。(忽略空气阻力,g取9.8m/s2

(2)某学习小组的同学拟探究小灯泡L的伏安特性曲线,可供选用的器材如下:
小灯泡L,规格“4.0V,0.7A”;
电流表A1,量程3A,内阻约为0.1Ω;
电流表A2,量程0.6A,内阻r2=0.2Ω;
电压表V,量程3V,内阻rV=9KΩ;
标准电阻R1,阻值1Ω;
标准电阻R2,阻值3KΩ;
滑动变阻器R,阻值范围0~10Ω;
学生电源E,电动势6V,内阻不计;
开关S及导线若干。
①甲同学设计了如图1所示的电路来进行测量,当通过L的电流为0.46A时,电压表的示数如图2所示,此时L的电阻为________________Ω。

②乙同学又设计了如图3所示的电路来进行测量,电压表指针指在最大刻度时,加在L上的电压值是_________________V。
③学习小组认为要想更准确地描绘出L完整的伏安特性曲线,需要重新设计电路。请你在乙同学的基础上利用所供器材,在图4所示的虚线框内补画出实验电路图,并在图上标明所选器材代号____________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(2道)

    选择题:(2道)

    多选题:(1道)

    解答题:(2道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:4

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:0