安徽省黄山市徽州区第一中学2018-2019学年高二上学期开学考试物理试题

适用年级:高二
试卷号:183698

试卷类型:开学考试
试卷考试时间:2018/10/1

1.单选题(共7题)

1.
一辆车由静止开始做匀变速直线运动,在第8s末开始刹车,经4s停下来,汽车刹车过程也在做匀变速运动,那么前后两段的加速度的大小之比为( )
A. 1:4
B. 1:2
C. 2:1
D. 4:1
2.
如图所示,用细绳将重球悬挂在竖直光滑墙上,当增加细绳长度时()
A.绳的拉力变小,墙对球的弹力变大
B.绳的拉力变小,墙对球的弹力变小
C.绳的拉力变大,墙对球的弹力变小
D.绳的拉力变大,墙对球的弹力变大
3.
如图所示,在不计滑轮摩擦和绳子质量的条件下,当小车匀速向右运动时,物体A的受力情况是(   )
A.绳的拉力等于A的重力
B.绳的拉力大于A的重力
C.绳的拉力小于A的重力
D.拉力先大于重力,后变为小于重力
4.
人造地球卫星A和B,它们的质量之比为mA:mB=1:2,它们的轨道半径之比为2:1,则下面的结论中正确的是(    ).
A.它们受到地球的引力之比为FA:FB=1:1
B.它们的运行速度大小之比为vA:vB= :1
C.它们的运行周期之比为TA:TB=2:1
D.它们的运行角速度之比为ωA:ωB=3:1
5.
火星有两颗卫星,分别为火卫一和火卫二,它们的轨道近似为圆.已知火卫一的周期为7小时39分,火卫二的周期为30小时18分,则两颗卫星相比( )
A.火卫一距火星表面较近B.火卫二的角速度较大
C.火卫一的运动速度较大D.火卫二的向心加速度较大
6.
下列说法中正确的是(    )
A.重力做正功,重力势能增加
B.重力做负功,重力势能增加
C.物体上升过程的路径越长,重力做功就越多
D.重力势能的改变与零势能点选择有关
7.
如图,小球自a点由静止自由下落,到b点时与弹簧接触,到c点时弹簧被压缩到最短,若不计弹簧质量和空气阻力,在小球由abc的运动过程中(   )
A.小球和弹簧总机械能守恒
B.小球的重力势能随时间均匀减少
C.小球在b点时动能最大
D.到c点时小球重力势能的减少量等于弹簧弹性势能的增加量

2.选择题(共2题)

8.下列词语的注音和书写完全正确的一项是 (   )
9.

      THIS is a story about a boy called Sparky. For Sparky, school was all but impossible. He failed every subject in the eighth grade. He got a zero in physics. It made him the worst physics student in the school's history. He didn't do much better in sports. He made the school golf team, but lost the only important match of the season.
      He didn't have friends, either. Other kids didn't care about him. If a classmate said “hello” to Sparky outside of school, he would feel very surprised. There's no way to tell how he might have done at dating(约会). Sparky never once asked a girl to go out in high school. He was too afraid of being turned down.  
     He was a loser(失败者), and he and his classmates knew it. But, somehow, he decided to keep trying. The only thing important in his life was drawing. He was proud of his ability even though no one else appreciated it. He submitted(递交) some cartoons for his high school yearbook, but they were rejected.
     After completing high school he wrote a letter to the Walt Disney Studios. He was told to submit some samples. He spent a great deal of time on the drawings. They were rejected. Another loss for the loser.  
     So Sparky decided to write his own auto biography(自传) in cartoons. He created his childhood self – a little-boy loser: Charlie. He never succeeded in kicking a football and never got a date with the little red-haired girl. Sparky, the boy who had such a lack of success in school and whose work was rejected again and again, was Charles Schulz. He created the Peanuts comic strip and the world-famous cartoon characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy.

3.多选题(共1题)

10.
跳高运动员从地面起跳的瞬间,下列说法中正确的是(  )
A.运动员对地面的压力大于运动员受到的重力
B.地面对运动员的支持力大于运动员受到的重力
C.地面对运动员的支持力大于运动员对地面的压力
D.运动员对地面的压力大小等于运动员受到的重力

4.解答题(共2题)

11.
如下图所示,物体A重40N,物体B重20N,A与B、B与地面间的动摩擦因数均为0.4。当用水平力向右拉动物体A时,试求:
(1)B物体所受的滑动摩擦力的大小和方向; 
(2)A物体所受的地面滑动摩擦力的大小和方向。 
12.
质量为2kg的物体,受到24N竖直向上的拉力,由静止开始运动,求
(1)5s内拉力对物体做的功?
(2)5s内拉力的平均功率?
(3)5s末拉力的瞬时功率?(g=10m/s2

5.实验题(共2题)

13.
在“研究平抛运动”的实验中,用一张印有小方格的纸记录轨迹,小方格的边长L=1.25 cm,若小球在平抛运动途中的几个位置如图中abcd所示,则小球平抛的初速度的计算式为v0=________(用Lg表示),其值是________.
14.
(1)在“验证机械能守恒定律”的实验中,有如下器材:
A.打点计时器
B.低压交流电源(附导线)
C.天平(附砝码)
D.铁架台(附夹子)
E.重锤(附夹子)
F.纸带
G.秒表
H.复写纸
其中不必要的有__________(填字母代号,多选);还缺少的是_____________。
(2)“在验证机械能守恒定律”时,如果以为纵轴,以h为横轴,根据实验数据绘出图线的斜率等于__________的数值。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(7道)

    选择题:(2道)

    多选题:(1道)

    解答题:(2道)

    实验题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:5

    9星难题:0