2014届浙江省效实中学高三上学期期中物理试卷(带解析)

适用年级:高三
试卷号:174708

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2017/7/19

1.单选题(共3题)

1.
根据材料,结合已学的知识,判断下列说法正确的是(    )
A.图甲为我国派出的军舰护航线路图,总航程4500海里,总航程4500海里指的是位移
B.图甲为我国派出的军舰护航线路图,总航程4500海里,总航程4500海里指的是路程
C.如图乙所示是奥运火炬手攀登珠峰的线路图,由起点到终点火炬手所走线路的总长度是火炬手的位移
D.如图丙所示是高速公路指示牌,牌中“25km”是指从此处到下一个出口的位移是25km
2.
水平面上A、B、C三点各固定一电荷量为Q的正点电荷,将另一质量为m的带正电的小球(可视为点电荷)放置在O点,OABC恰构成一棱长为L的正四面体,如图所示.己知静电力常量为k,重力加速度为g,为使小球能静止在O点,小球所带的电荷量为(    )

A.   B.   C.   D.
3.
如图所示,在绝缘水平面上方存在着足够大的水平向右的匀强电场,带正电的小金属块以一定初速度从A点开始沿水平面向左做直线运动,经L长度到达B点,速度变为零.此过程中,金属块损失的动能有2/3转化为电势能.金属块继续运动到某点C(图中未标出)时的动能和A点时的动能相同,则金属块从A开始运动到C整个过程中经过的总路程为( )
A.1.5LB.2LC.3LD.4L

2.选择题(共6题)

4.在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式
5.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A few things to do during weekends to improve your life

    Weekend at last! Something you're so looking forward to after a tiring week at work. Here are several tips on how to make the most of your weekends.

    Spend time with loved ones. Reconnect with family members or friends you neglected(疏忽) lately. Don't do it out of guilt or because you have to. Do it because you want to. Reach out to them to see how they are doing. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Return their calls if you were busy when they last tried to reach you. Talk to them. Listen to them. Be there for them.

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Stay away from TV, iPad, iPhone and any other electronic devices. Unplug! Your brain needs to clear up from all the stress you've put on yourself during the week. Why not read a book instead? A paper one. Seriously, when was the last time you did that?

    Laugh, laugh and laugh again. You can never have enough of it. Laugh is the best medicine ever. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} For example, it helps you manage stress, strengthen your immune system and you are 40 percent less likely to suffer a heart attack.

    Express appreciation. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Be grateful for your family, friends, health, the food you put on the table, the clothes you wear and the air that you breathe.

    There you are. Doing a few things during weekends will have a positive long-term effect on your life. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. Apply the “no technology” rule.

B. Pause and pay attention to your thoughts.

C. Friendship is the best source of happiness.

D. Don't call them only when you need them.

E. Put them into practice and you'll beat the Monday Blues.

F. It benefits your mental and physical health in so many ways.

G. This is something you should be doing every day, not only on weekends.

6.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A few things to do during weekends to improve your life

    Weekend at last! Something you're so looking forward to after a tiring week at work. Here are several tips on how to make the most of your weekends.

    Spend time with loved ones. Reconnect with family members or friends you neglected(疏忽) lately. Don't do it out of guilt or because you have to. Do it because you want to. Reach out to them to see how they are doing. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Return their calls if you were busy when they last tried to reach you. Talk to them. Listen to them. Be there for them.

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Stay away from TV, iPad, iPhone and any other electronic devices. Unplug! Your brain needs to clear up from all the stress you've put on yourself during the week. Why not read a book instead? A paper one. Seriously, when was the last time you did that?

    Laugh, laugh and laugh again. You can never have enough of it. Laugh is the best medicine ever. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} For example, it helps you manage stress, strengthen your immune system and you are 40 percent less likely to suffer a heart attack.

    Express appreciation. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Be grateful for your family, friends, health, the food you put on the table, the clothes you wear and the air that you breathe.

    There you are. Doing a few things during weekends will have a positive long-term effect on your life. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. Apply the “no technology” rule.

B. Pause and pay attention to your thoughts.

C. Friendship is the best source of happiness.

D. Don't call them only when you need them.

E. Put them into practice and you'll beat the Monday Blues.

F. It benefits your mental and physical health in so many ways.

G. This is something you should be doing every day, not only on weekends.

7.进入刚装修完的房屋,我们常常会闻到一种刺鼻的气味,这气味主要来自装修材料中的甲醛,这种对人体有害的化学物质.这说明甲醛分子在{#blank#}1{#/blank#}运动,这种运动会随气温的升高而{#blank#}2{#/blank#}(选填:“加剧”或“减缓”).
8.

阅读理解

    I had to knock on the taxi to get his attention. Finally, the driver, a man about 60, looked up from behind the wheel and apologized, “I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter.” He sounded as if he had a cold or a cough.

    Since I was in no hurry, I told him to finish his letter. He shook his head, explaining that he had already read it several times and almost knew it by heart. Curious, I asked whether it was from a child or maybe a grandchild. “This isn't family,” he replied. “though he might just as well have been a regular member of the family. Old Ed and I grew up together.”

    They were always friends. But since he moved away from the neighborhood 30 years ago, it'd generally just been postcards at Christmas time between them. A couple of weeks ago, Ed died. “I should have kept in touch.” He repeated this, more to himself than to me. To comfort him, I said sometimes we just didn't seem to find the time. “But we used to find the time,” he said. “Take a look.” He handed the letter over to me.

    The first sentence “I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always delayed it.” reminded me of myself. It went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together. When I read the part where it said “Your friendship really means a lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that”, I found myself nodding in agreement.

    We had gone several kilometers and were almost at my hotel, so I read the last paragraph: “So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you.” And it was ended with “Your Old Friend, Tom.”

    “I thought your friend's name was Ed,” I said.

    “I'm Tom,” he explained. “It's a letter I wrote to Ed before I knew he'd died. I never put it in the mailbox. I guess I should have written it sooner.” His face was pale as he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief.

    When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away. I had to write a letter and post it.

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

9.

如图所示BC//DE,∠1=108°,∠AED=75°,则∠A的大小是(   )

3.多选题(共2题)

10.
下表是地球、火星的有关情况比较
星球
地球
火星
公转半径
1.5×108km
2.25×108km
自转周期
23时56分
24时37分
表面温度
15 ℃
-100 ℃~0 ℃
大气主要成分
78%的N2,21%的O2
约95%的CO2
 
根据以上信息,关于地球及火星(行星的运动可看做匀速圆周运动),下列推测正确的是(   )
A.地球公转的线速度大于火星公转的线速度
B.地球公转的向心加速度大于火星公转的向心加速度
C.地球的自转角速度小于火星的自转角速度
D.地球表面的重力加速度大于火星表面的重力加速度
11.
如图所示,质量为m的滑块以一定初速度滑上倾角为的固定斜面,同时施加一沿斜面向上的恒力;已知滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因数,取出发点为参考点,能正确描述滑块运动到最高点过程中产生的热量,滑块动能、势能、机械能随时间、位移关系的是()

A. B.
C. D.

4.解答题(共1题)

12.
一轻质细绳一端系一质量为m=0.05kg的小球A,另一端挂在光滑水平轴O 上,O到小球的距离为L=0.1m,小球跟水平面接触,但无相互作用,在球的两侧等距离处分别固定一个光滑的斜面和一个挡板,斜面与水平面平滑连接,如图所示,水平距离s=2m.现有一小滑块B,质量也为m,从斜面上滑下,与小球碰撞时交换速度,与挡板碰撞不损失机械能,与水平面间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.25.若不计空气阻力,并将滑块和小球都视为质点,g取10m/s2,试问:

(1)若滑块B从斜面某一高度h处滑下与小球第一次碰撞后,使小球恰好在竖直平面内做圆周运动,求此高度h;
(2)若滑块B从h=5m处滑下,求滑块B与小球A第一次碰后瞬间绳子对小球的拉力;
(3)若滑块B从h="5m" 处下滑与小球A碰撞后,小球在竖直平面内做圆周运动,求小球做完整圆周运动的次数n.

5.实验题(共3题)

13.
某同学在学完“力的合成”后,想在家里做实验“验证力的平行四边形定则”。他从学校的实验室里借来两个弹簧秤,按如下步骤进行实验。
A.在墙上贴一张白纸用来记录弹簧秤弹力的大小和方向
B.在一个弹簧秤的下端悬挂一装满水的水杯,记下静止时弹簧秤的读数F
C.将一根大约30 cm长的细线从杯带中穿过,再将细线两端分别拴在两个弹簧秤的挂钩上.在靠近白纸处用手对称地拉开细线,使两个弹簧秤的示数相等,在白纸上记下细线的方向,弹簧秤的示数如图甲所示
D.在白纸上按一定标度作出两个弹簧秤的弹力的图示,如图乙所示,根据力的平行四边形定则可求出这两个力的合力F
(1)在步骤C中,弹簧秤的读数为________N。
(2)在步骤D中,合力F′=________N。
(3)若____________________,就可以验证力的平行四边形定则。
14.
图甲是某同学验证动能定理的实验装置。其步骤如下:
A.易拉罐内盛上适量细沙,用轻绳通过滑轮连接在小车上,小车连接纸带。合理调整木板倾角,让小车沿木板匀速下滑.
B.取下轻绳和易拉罐,测出易拉罐和细沙的质量m1及小车质量m2.
C.取下细绳和易拉罐换一条纸带,让小车由静止释放,打出的纸带如图乙(中间部分未画出),O为打下的第一点。已知打点计时器的打点频率为f,重力加速度为g.
(1)步骤C中小车所受的合外力大小为______;
(2)为验证从O→C过程中小车合外力做功与小车动能变化的关系,测出BD间的距离为x0,OC间距离为x1,则C点速度大小为_____,需要验证的关系式为_____(用所测物理量的符号表示).
15.
某同学利用竖直上抛小球的频闪照片验证机械能守恒定律。频闪仪每隔0.0500s闪光一次,图中所标数据为实际距离,该同学通过计算得到不同时刻的速度如下表所示(当地重力加速度取9.80m/s2,小球质量m=0.200kg,计算结果保留三位有效数字):
时刻




速度(m/s)
4.99
4.48
3.98
 
 

(1)由频闪照片上的数据计算t5时刻小球的速度=__________m/s;
(2)从t2到t5时间内,重力势能增量=_________J,动能减少量=________J;
(3)在误差允许的范围内,若近似相等,从而验证了机械能守恒定律。造成不严格相等这种结果的主要原因是__________________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(3道)

    选择题:(6道)

    多选题:(2道)

    解答题:(1道)

    实验题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:0