北京市西城区育才中学2017-2018学年高二上学期12月月考物理试题

适用年级:高二
试卷号:171521

试卷类型:月考
试卷考试时间:2018/3/23

1.单选题(共11题)

1.
弹簧振子在光滑水平面上做简谐运动,在振子向平衡位置运动的过程中( )
A.振子所受回复力逐渐增大B.振子位移逐渐增大
C.振子速度逐渐减小D.振子加速度逐渐减小
2.
一列声波从空气进入水中,下列物理量中不变的是(    )
A.波长B.波速C.频率D.振幅
3.
如图所示,在绝缘光滑水平面上,有一个边长为的单匝正方形线框,在外力的作用下以恒定的速率向右运动进入磁感应强度为的有界匀强磁场区域.线框被全部拉入磁场的过程中线框平面保持与磁场方向垂直,线框的边始终平行于磁场的边界.已知线框的四个边的电阻值相等,均为.(   )
A.线框中的感应电动势
B.边两端的电压
C.在线框被拉入磁场的整个过程中,线框中产生的热量
D.维持线框以恒定的速率被拉入磁场的外力大小为
4.
如图所示,是两个完全相同的灯泡,是自感系数较大的线圈,其电流电阻忽略不计.当电键闭合时,下列说法正确的是(   )
A.先亮,然后熄灭
B.先亮,然后逐渐变暗,逐渐变亮
C.一齐亮,然后熄灭
D.一齐亮,然后逐渐变亮,的亮度不变
5.
如图所示,为两水平放置相互平行的金属导轨,为搁在导轨上的两金属棒,与导轨接触良好且无摩擦.当一条形磁铁向下靠近导轨时,下列描述正确的是(   )
A.回路中电流方向为顺时针方向
B.回路中电流方向为逆时针方向
C.不管条形磁铁下端是何极,两棒均互相靠近
D.金属棒对导轨的压力将减小
6.
如图所示,在一蹄形磁铁两极之间放一个矩形线框abcd,磁铁和线框都可以绕竖直轴OO′自由转动。若使蹄形磁铁以某角速度转动时,线框的情况将是 (    )
A.静止
B.随磁铁同方向转动
C.沿与磁铁相反方向转动
D.要由磁铁具体转动方向来决定
7.
如图所示,把电阻、电感线圈、电容器并联到一交流电源上,三个电流表的示数相同.若保持电源电压大小不变,而将频率降低,则三个电流表的示数的情况是(   )
A.减小B.减小C.减小D.都减小
8.
某正弦式交变电流,电压随时间变化的规律为.那么该交变电流的电压有效值和频率分别为(   )
A.B.C.D.
9.
如图所示,为线圈在匀强磁场中匀速转动产生的交变电流随时间变化规律,下列说法中正确的是(    )
A.时刻线圈处于中性面
B.时刻线圈与磁场方向平行
C.时刻线圈的磁通量变化率最大
D.时刻线圈的磁通量为零
10.
远距离输电中输电功率恒定,若输电电压提高到原来的倍,则下列说法中正确的是(   )
A.输电线上的电流变为原来的
B.输电线上的电压损失变为原来的
C.输电线上的电功率损失变为原来的
D.若输电线上的电功率损失不变,输电线路总电阻可变为原来的
11.
某正弦式交变电流的电流i随时间t变化的图像如图所示.由图可知()
A.电流的最大值为10A
B.电流的有效值为10A
C.该交流电的周期为0.03s
D.该交流电的频率为0.02Hz

2.选择题(共3题)

12.

阅读短文,完成下列问题。

A

    In the film The Revenant the Leonardo DiCaprio adventure takes the basic facts of real-life frontiersman Hugh Glass's sufferings and adds extra characters, extra ultra violence and more horse guts.

    Hugh Glass was a frontiersman working in the upper Missouri river area in the early years of the 19th century. On a fur trapping expedition in 1823, he was attacked and injured by a grizzly bear.

    _____________

    Hugh Glass (Leonardo DiCaprio) is one of a group of men finishing up a fur trapping expedition in the wilderness. They are attacked by Ree (Arikara) warriors. Whoosh! Someone gets impaled on a spear. Bang! Someone gets shot off his horse. Crack! Someone's bones shatter. There's a fearless close-up of an arrow thwacking into a face, a gun butt bashing into a face, a flying kick to a face. A horse gets shot in the face. It's exceptionally well choreographed (取景) and filmed.

    This scene is based on a real-life incident: In June 1823, Ashley's band of around 70 men was attacked by Arikara warriors –they estimated around 600, though in the film it's more like a dozen.

    Characters

    In the film, 10 men get away. Fitzgerald is a fighter and racist, so he's the bad guy. Glass is the good guy, because he loves his son (who is half-Pawnee) in a gruff, manly way that involves telling him off a lot. The back story about Glass's love for a Pawnee woman is fiction. It has been suggested the real Glass had such a relationship, but there's no firm evidence –and no evidence that he had any children.

    Wildlife

    As the men make their way through a forest, Glass happens upon two bear cubs and their angry mama. If you felt pale after the face-smashing scene at the start, reach for the smelling salts. Chomp! Growl! Shake! The bear sniffs him to see if he's dead, then jumps up and down on his back. Splinter! Howl! Slash! Glass shoots the bear. Anyway, while historians are not certain of the precise details, the real Glass did get into a fight with a real bear, sometime in August 1823.

    Murder

    The men find Glass in a rum old state. Captain Henry pays Fitzgerald, Bridger and Hawk to stay behind until it is time for Glass's inevitable burial. When the captain leaves, Fitzgerald tries to bump Glass off. Hawk interrupts, so Fitzgerald bumps him off instead. This didn't happen in real life, because Hawk didn't exist. In the film, the weak Glass sees Fitzgerald kill his son, giving him an extra motivation to stay alive and seek revenge.

    Survival

    The real Glass survived his abandonment and dragged his battered body over hundreds of miles of terrain in pursuit of the men who left him for dead. Though he could read and write, Glass never set his story down in his own hand. It was first published by another writer in a Philadelphia journal in 1825. It may well have been modified then. It has been modified many times since.

    Hardship

    The film has invented some extra obstacles for Glass: it is snowing throughout, even though in real life his trek took place between August and October; the Arikara track him and chase him into a tree; he has to hollow out a dead horse to make himself a sleeping bag. As for the ending, it has been changed in one significant way: in real life, nobody got killed.

13.

在“植物﹣蝗虫﹣大山雀”这条食物链的分析中,描述正确的是(  )

14.

在“植物﹣蝗虫﹣大山雀”这条食物链的分析中,描述正确的是(  )

3.多选题(共3题)

15.
一列周期为,沿轴方向传播的简谐机械横波,某时刻波形如图所示.已知此时处质点沿轴负方向运动,则下列描述正确的是(   )
A.这列波的振幅为
B.这列波的波速为
C.这列波的传播方向为沿轴负方向
D.此时处质点的加速度最大
16.
如图所示,某质点做简谐运动的图像,以下说法正确的是(    )
A.时刻的速度相同
B.时间内,速度与位移同向
C.时间内,速度变大,位移变小
D.时刻的速度相同
17.
如图所示,竖直放置的长直导线通有恒定电流,有一矩形线框与导线在同一平面内,在下列情况中线框产生感应电流的是(    )
A.导线中的电流变大
B.线框向右平动
C.线框向下平动
D.线框以边为轴转动

4.填空题(共2题)

18.
质量为的小球沿光油水平面以的速度冲向墙壁,又以的速度反向弹回.此过程中小球的合力冲量的大小为__________;小球的动能变化量的大小为__________
19.
学习了单摆的周期公式后,我们知道了可以利用此方法测重力加速度.高中阶段在实验室中“有单摆测重力加速度”是一种比较准确而简洁的方法.当我们用刻度尺和游标卡尺测出单摆的摆长为,再用秒表测量出单摆摆动多个周期的总时长,进而求出单摆摆动一个周期为.请同学们根据上述测量给出求解重力加速度的公式:__________.

5.解答题(共5题)

20.
质量为的铅球,从高处自由下落(忽略空气阻力),落至松软地面后经静止.试求:落地过程中地面对铅球的平均作用力大小?
21.
质量分别为的甲、乙两小球,在光滑水平面上甲球以的速率,与静止的乙球发生弹性正碰.试求碰后两小球的速度大小各为多少?
22.
如下图甲,水平放置的平行金属导轨左边接有电阻,轨道相距0.4m且所在处有竖直向下的匀强磁场,磁场随时间的变化关系如下图乙,金属棒ab横跨导轨两端,其电阻,金属棒与电阻R相距1m.若整个系统始终处于静止状态,求:

(1)当t=0.1s时,通过金属棒ab的感应电流大小和方向.
(2)当t=0.1s时,金属棒ab受到的安培力的大小?
23.
如图所示,是质量为的金属杆,在竖直平面内由静止开始贴着光滑平行金属导轨下滑,始终与导轨接触良好.导轨的间距,导轨上端接有电阻,导轨与金属杆的电阻不计,整个装置处于的水平匀强磁场中,磁场方向垂直于导轨平面.若取.求:

(1)金属杆运动的最大速度的大小.
(2)在金属杆达到最大速度后,金属杆两端点哪点电势高.
24.
如下图甲为小型旋转电枢式交流发电机的原理图,其矩形线圈在匀强磁场中绕垂直于磁场方向的固定轴OO′匀速转动,线圈的匝数n=100、电阻r=10 Ω,线圈的两端经集流环与电阻R连接,电阻R=90 Ω,与R并联的交流电压表为理想电表.在t=0时刻,线圈平面与磁场方向平行,穿过每匝线圈的磁通量Φ随时间t按下图乙所示正弦规律变化.求:
(1)交流发电机产生的电动势最大值;
(2)电路中交流电压表的示数.

6.作图题(共1题)

25.
如图甲所示,为某一列简谐波时刻的图像,图乙是这列波上质点从时刻起的振动图像.请在图甲中画出时的波动图像_________.
  
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(11道)

    选择题:(3道)

    多选题:(3道)

    填空题:(2道)

    解答题:(5道)

    作图题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:10

    9星难题:7