2018学年度高一物理(人教版)必修二 第五章 曲线运动 单元测试

适用年级:高一
试卷号:122946

试卷类型:单元测试
试卷考试时间:2018/8/13

1.单选题(共10题)

1.
把一个小球放在光滑的玻璃漏斗中,晃动漏斗,可使小球沿漏斗壁在某一水平面内做匀速圆周运动如图所示,关于小球的受力情况,下列说法正确的是  
A.小球受到的合力为零
B.小球受到重力、漏斗壁的支持力、摩擦力及向心力4个力
C.小球受到重力、漏斗壁的支持力及向心力3个力
D.小球受到重力、漏斗壁的支持力2个力
2.
下列有关运动的说法正确的是:( )
A.图甲中撤掉挡板A的瞬间,小球的加速度竖直向下
B.图乙中固定在竖直面内的圆环内径r=1.6m,小球沿内圆表面过最高点速度可以为2m/s
C.图丙中皮带轮上b点的加速度小于a点的加速度
D.图丁中用铁锤水平打击弹簧片后,B球比A球先着地
3.
如图所示,有一皮带传动装置(皮带不打滑),ABC三点到各自转轴的距离分别为RARBRC,已知RB=RC=,设ABC三点的线速度大小分别为VAVBVC,角速度大小分别为ωA、ωB、ωC,则下列关系式正确的是(  )
A.VA=V CVBB.ωABCC.VA=VCVBD.ωAB>ωC
4.
对于做平抛运动的物体,下列说法正确的是(  )
A.抛出的速度大,水平位移一定大
B.抛出的速度大,运动时间一定长
C.抛出点的位置高,运动时间一定长
D.抛出点的位置高,水平位移一定大
5.
如图所示,在水平地面上做匀速直线运动的汽车,通过定滑轮用绳子吊起一个物体,若汽车和被吊物体在同一时刻的速度分别为v1v2,则下面说法正确的是(  )
A.物体做匀速运动,且v2v1
B.物体做加速运动,且v2>v1
C.物体做加速运动,且v2<v1
D.物体做减速运动,且v2<v1
6.
一飞机以150m/s的速度在高空某一水平面上做匀速直线运动,相隔1s先后从飞机上落下A、B两个物体,不计空气阻力,在空中的运动过程中它们所在的位置关系是
A. AB之前150m处
B. AB之后150m处
C. 正下方4.9m处
D. AB的正下方且与B的距离随时间而增大
7.
如图所示是倾角为45°的斜坡,在斜坡底端点正上方某一位置处以速度水平向左抛出一个小球,小球恰好能垂直落在斜坡上,运动时间为,小球从同一点自由下落,下落至点的时间为,不计空气阻力,则的比值为(  )
A.B.C.D.
8.
以下关于向心力及其作用的说法中正确的是(  )
A.向心力既改变圆周运动物体速度的方向,又改变速度的大小
B.在物体所受力中,只有指向圆心的力才是向心力
C.向心力是按照力的性质命名的
D.做匀速圆周运动的物体所受的合外力即为物体的向心力
9.
如图一个学生把风刮倒的旗杆绕着O点扶起来,已知旗杆的长度为L,学生的身高为h,当学生以速度v向左运动时,旗杆转动的角速度为(此时旗杆与地面的夹角为α)(  )
A.ω=B.ω=C.ω=D.ω=
10.
如图所示,质量为M的物体内有一光滑圆形轨道,现有一质量为m的小滑块沿该圆形轨道在竖直面内做圆周运动.AC两点分别为圆周的最高点和最低点,BD两点是与圆心O在同一水平线上的点.重力加速度为g.小滑块运动时,物体在地面上静止不动,则关于物体对地面的压力FN和地面对物体的摩擦力的说法正确的是(  )
A.小滑块在A点时,FNMg,摩擦力方向向左
B.小滑块在B点时,FNMg,摩擦力方向向右
C.小滑块在C点时,FN>(Mm)g,物体与地面无摩擦
D.小滑块在D点时,FN=(Mm)g,摩擦力方向向左

2.选择题(共7题)

11.

任务型阅读

The Winner's Guide to Success

    Do you know what makes people successful? To find out the answers, an American scholar recently visited some of the most successful people in America. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

Be responsible for yourself.

    Sometimes you may want to blame others for your failure to get ahead. In fact, when you say someone or something outside of yourself is stopping you from making success, you are giving away your own power. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

Write a plan.

    It is very difficult trying to get what you want without a good plan. It is just like trying to drive through strange roads to a city far away. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Without this “map”, you may waste your time, money and also your energy; while with the “map” you'll enjoy the “trip” and get what you want in the shortest possible time.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Nothing great is easy to get. So you must be ready to work hard — even harder than you have ever done. If you are not willing to pay the price, you won't get anything valuable.

Never give up.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} When you are doing something, you must tell yourself again and again: Giving up is worse than failure because failure can be the mother of success, but giving up means the death of hope.

A. A good plan is like a map to you.

B. It seems to us that everyone knows this. But it is easier said than done.

C. Some people achieve success much later in life because they didn't work harder earlier.

D. You are saying you have more control over my life than I do.

E. Someone else's opinion of you doesn't have to become your reality.

F. Be willing to pay the price.

G. Here are some keys to success that they give.

12.

任务型阅读

The Winner's Guide to Success

    Do you know what makes people successful? To find out the answers, an American scholar recently visited some of the most successful people in America. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

Be responsible for yourself.

    Sometimes you may want to blame others for your failure to get ahead. In fact, when you say someone or something outside of yourself is stopping you from making success, you are giving away your own power. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

Write a plan.

    It is very difficult trying to get what you want without a good plan. It is just like trying to drive through strange roads to a city far away. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Without this “map”, you may waste your time, money and also your energy; while with the “map” you'll enjoy the “trip” and get what you want in the shortest possible time.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Nothing great is easy to get. So you must be ready to work hard — even harder than you have ever done. If you are not willing to pay the price, you won't get anything valuable.

Never give up.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} When you are doing something, you must tell yourself again and again: Giving up is worse than failure because failure can be the mother of success, but giving up means the death of hope.

A. A good plan is like a map to you.

B. It seems to us that everyone knows this. But it is easier said than done.

C. Some people achieve success much later in life because they didn't work harder earlier.

D. You are saying you have more control over my life than I do.

E. Someone else's opinion of you doesn't have to become your reality.

F. Be willing to pay the price.

G. Here are some keys to success that they give.

13.下列实验操作正确的是(   )
14.

女性卵细胞中所含的性染色体是(  )

15.

已知a+1,2a﹣4是同一个数的平方根,求这个数.

16.秦朝末年,民间流传着“阿房,阿房,亡始皇”的童谣。你认为导致秦朝灭亡的主要原因是(    )
17.下列各项中,能够说明生物对外界刺激作出反应的是(  )

3.多选题(共5题)

18.
在高h处以初速度v0将物体水平抛出,它们落地时与抛出点的水平距离为s,落地时速度为v1,则此物体从抛出到落地所经历的时间是(不计空气阻力)( )
A.B.C.D.
19.
(题文)一只小船渡河,水流速度各处相同且恒定不变,方向平行于岸边。小船相对于水分别做匀加速、匀减速、匀速直线运动,其运动轨迹如图所示。船相对于水的初速度大小均相同,且方向垂直于河岸,船在渡河过程中船头方向始终不变。由此可知
A.小船沿三条不同轨迹渡河的时间相同
B.沿AC轨迹渡河所用时间最短
C.沿ACAD轨迹小船都是做匀变速运动
D.AD是匀减速运动的轨迹
20.
关于平抛运动,下列说法正确的是()
A.平抛运动是匀变速运动
B.做平抛运动的物体机械能守恒
C.做平抛运动的物体处于完全失重状态
D.做平抛运动的物体,落地时间和落地时的速度只与抛出点的高度有关
21.
如图所示,两个半径不同内壁光滑的半圆轨道,固定于地面,一小球先后从与球心在同一高度上的A、B两点由静止自由滑下,通过最低点时,下列说法正确的是(   )

A. 小球对轨道底端的压力是相同的
B. 小球对轨道底端的压力是不同的,半径小的压力大
C. 通过最低点的速度不同,半径大的速度大
D. 通过最低点时向心加速度是相同的
22.
如图所示,在高速路口的转弯处,路面外高内低.已知内外路面与水平面的夹角为θ,弯道处圆弧半径为R,重力加速度为g,当汽车的车速为V0时,恰由支持力与重力的合力提供了汽车做圆周运动的向心力,则(  )
A.V0=
B.V0=
C.当该路面结冰时,V0要减小
D.汽车在该路面行驶的速度VV0时,路面会对车轮产生沿斜面向下的摩擦力

4.解答题(共3题)

23.
在小汽车内悬挂一弹簧秤,弹簧秤下端悬挂质量为1kg的小球,当车通过凹形桥最低点时,车上的速度计示数为72km/h,弹簧称的示数为11.8N,(取g=9.8m/s2)求凹形桥的半径.
24.
如图所示,从高h=5m处,倾角θ=45°的斜坡顶点A水平抛出一小球,小球的初速度为v0,若不计空气阻力,g=10m/s2求:

(1)当v0=4m/s时,小球的落点离A点的位移;
(2)当v0=8m/s时,小球的落点离A点的位移.
25.
如图所示,水平放置的正方形光滑玻璃板abcd,边长为L,距地面的高度为H,玻璃板正中间有一个光滑的小孔O,一根细线穿过小孔,两端分别系着小球A和小球B,当小球以速度v在玻璃板上绕O点做匀速圆周运动时,AO间的距离为r,已知A的质量为,重力加速度为g。

(1)求小球的角速度;
(2)求小物块B的质量
(3)当小球速度方向平行于玻璃板ad边时,剪断细线,则小球落地前瞬间的速度多大?

5.实验题(共1题)

26.
图1是“研究平抛物体运动”的实验装置,通过描点画出平抛小球的运动轨迹。
(1)以下实验过程的一些做法,其中合理的有________.
a.安装斜槽轨道,使其末端保持水平
b.每次小球释放的初始位置可以任意选择
c.每次小球应从同一高度由静止释放
d.为描出小球的运动轨迹描绘的点可以用折线连接

(2)实验得到平抛小球的运动轨迹,在轨迹上取一些点,以平抛起点O为坐标原点,测量它们的水平坐标x和竖直坐标y,图2中y-x2图象能说明平抛小球的运动轨迹为抛物线的是_________.

(3)图3是某同学根据实验画出的平抛小球的运动轨迹,O为平抛起点,在轨迹上任取三点ABC,测得AB两点竖直坐标y1为5.0cm、y2为45.0cm测得AB两点水平距离Δx为40.0cm,则平抛小球的初速度v0为______m/s,若C点的竖直坐标y3为60.0cm,则小球在C点的速度为vC=______m/s(结果保留两位有效数字,g取10m/s2)。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(10道)

    选择题:(7道)

    多选题:(5道)

    解答题:(3道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:10

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:7

    9星难题:1